High School Social Studies Alabama Standards

Identify the location of Alabama’s major geographic regions and describe the characteristics that distinguish them from each other.

Develop an argument regarding the impact of the Creek Wars and Native American removal on the settlement of Alabama.

Outline Alabama’s participation in events leading to the Civil War and in the war itself, and explain how the war created change within the state.

Describe how secession fostered division and led to conflict in the northern half of the state.

Explain the significance of Montgomery as the first capital of the Confederate States of America, and summarize reasons for moving the capital to Richmond.

Assess the impacts of the Civil War on Alabama’s economy and infrastructure, and identify battles and campaigns that affected these.

Compare and contrast how the Civil War affected the lives of different groups of Alabamians, including enslaved people and women.

Explain the role of Alabamians in helping achieve victory in the Spanish American War, World War I, and World War II.

Summarize the legacy of Alabama-based military units, their performance, and their contributions to battle, including the 167th Infantry Regiment and the Tuskegee Airmen.

Describe the mobilization of Alabama industries and people on the home front during World War I and World War II.

Evaluate the ways in which Alabamians and Alabama military installations supported American interests during military conflicts of the Cold War and present day.

Explain how emancipation and Reconstruction produced both an expansion of rights and freedoms and a backlash against this expansion.

Trace the history of Black institutions in Alabama from their establishment during Reconstruction to the present.

Evaluate the role of new labor systems, Black Codes, and violence in stemming civil rights progress following Reconstruction in Alabama.

Evaluate the extent to which civil rights reformers in Alabama at the turn of the twentieth century successfully challenged the emergence of the Jim Crow South.

Describe the role of women reformers in promoting reform, including Margaret Murray Washington and Julia Tutwiler.

Explain the role of individuals and communities in helping to expand educational and entrepreneurial opportunities for Black Alabamians at the turn of the twentieth century.

Explain how major Alabama civil rights campaigns brought about federal action and the resulting expansion of civil and human rights.

Describe how civil rights campaigns in Alabama were led by a coalition of local, grassroots organizations and national civil rights leaders and organizations.

Identify ways in which opponents of the Civil Rights Movement in Alabama sought to limit its success.

Identify civil rights leaders and foot soldiers in Alabama, and explain their contributions to fostering change in the state.

Explain the contributions of civil rights tourism to Alabama’s modern-day economy.

Summarize the creation and composition of the Alabama Constitution of 1901 and formulate an argument for constitutional reform in Alabama.

Describe the relationship between Alabama’s state government and local governments, considering the concept of home rule and Dillon’s Rule.

Summarize how the geography and biodiversity of Alabama formed and evolved during the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Periods.

Explain how Alabama’s geography contributes to the biodiversity of the state.

Compare and contrast the roles of statewide elected officials, including the governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, and attorney general.

Describe the state court system in Alabama, and explain how the election of judges in Alabama differs from the appointment of judges at the federal level.

Differentiate among the types of state bureaucratic bodies in Alabama, including commissions, boards, and agencies.

Research and report on significant political figures in Alabama history who have shaped the state and nation through their actions and initiatives.

Explain the interrelationship among geography, natural resources, and the development of Alabama’s economy from the early nineteenth century into the early twentieth century.

Describe ways in which Alabama’s geography contributes to the state’s present-day tourism industry.

Evaluate the extent to which agriculture and natural resources remain a significant component of Alabama’s modern economy.

Analyze the influence of federal spending on the growth of Alabama’s economy from the New Deal to the present.

Describe the impact of World War I and World War II on industrialization and urbanization in Alabama.

Develop an argument supporting or denying the premise that globalization has benefited Alabama’s economy since the 1990s, considering industries gained and lost.

Explain the role of Alabama in the global economy based on its major imports and exports.

Describe the demographic characteristics of Alabama’s population, and explain how both historic and current migration patterns have shaped these characteristics.

Explain how Alabama’s location creates potential weather threats to the state and identify ways in which Alabamians prepare for and respond to natural disasters.

Describe the cultures, economies, and governments of the first Indigenous peoples to inhabit Alabama.

Identify the locations of the major Native American tribes of Alabama during the colonial period into the nineteenth century.

Compare and contrast the major Native American tribes in Alabama of the colonial period and nineteenth century.

Outline the chronology of Alabama’s colonial history, identifying the shifting claims by imperial powers and Indigenous peoples engaged in colonial-era conflict.

Explain the impact of “Alabama Fever” on the settlement of Alabama and the growth of agriculture and slavery in the territory.

Outline the chronology of Alabama’s path to statehood in the early nineteenth century, including the shifting of capital locations.

Conflict

Civil Rights

Economics

Geography

Government

Origins

Explain how cultural, geographic, political, and social points of view can influence media descriptions of current international events.

Explain how scientific and technological changes impact the worldwide economy and the process of globalization.

Evaluate the positive and negative impacts of scientific and technological changes on society and on the environment.

Identify and describe strategies that facilitate public discussion on current events.

Research a current world issue or conflict and present information regarding its effects on the quality of life for individuals, groups, or countries.

Construct a possible solution to a global issue or conflict.

Describe means of implementing a possible solution to a global issue, analyzing its benefits and costs.

Compare and contrast how several sources cover the same events and explain how their varied perspectives influence audience perceptions about the events themselves.

Describe the impact of current news stories and the issues they present on the individual and on local, national, and international communities.

Relate current news stories to past events and broader historical trends.

Locate on a map the areas affected by events reported in national and international news stories.

Compare the presentation of world events in various media, including cable news services, international news sources, Internet news sources, network television, print, public broadcasting, and social media.

Explain how to determine the reliability of news stories and their sources.

Describe the use and misuse of different media platforms, including the use of social media and artificial intelligence (AI).

Critique viewpoints presented in cable news commentary, editorials, political cartoons, and social media algorithms.

Explain how public opinion polling is implemented, and describe how polling methods can produce intentional and unintentional bias and flawed samplings.

Interpret statistics included in current news stores related to political, social, and economic issues.

Compare and contrast the functions and powers of United States government entities which shape official responses to international issues and events.

Explain how foreign policy is created, how it can be influenced, and how it can be limited.

Describe the various roles and functions of the modern American military.

Describe the roles of international governmental organizations (IGOs) and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in addressing international issues and crises.

Explain the structure and roles of the United Nations and its specialized agencies and programs.

Explain the benefits and limitations of non-government entities resolving international events and crises.

Evaluate the extent to which nations have successfully collaborated to achieve broad international goals, citing specific instances.

Describe the functions of modern-day alliance systems, regional organizations, and multinational corporations and cartels.

Outline the causes and progressions of current conflicts around the world, including interstate, intrastate, and extrastate conflicts.

Investigate and explain how individuals and non-governmental groups may cause or perpetuate conflict, citing specific cases.

Formulate possible means to prevent and resolve modern conflicts.

Draw conclusions about the effects of conflicts on populations.

Identify and analyze recent incidents of human rights abuse across the world, utilizing a variety of sources.

Compare the individual rights, opportunities, and privileges of United States citizens to those of citizens of other countries.

Describe key rights and beliefs related to human rights as embedded in the Declaration of Independence, Geneva Conventions, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Critique how countries and international organizations respond to human rights violations, giving examples from recent history.

Evaluate the impact of economic globalization on worldwide trends and on individual nations and regions.

Identify recurring historical patterns in economic development around the world.

Describe the costs and benefits of trade among nations in an interdependent world.

Compare ways in which different countries address individual needs, national economic problems, and social issues.

International Relations

Issue Resolution

Media Literacy

World Events and Issues

UNITED STATES HISTORY 1: BEGINNINGS TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Recognize the influence of the Crusades, Renaissance, and reformation on European exploration. Identify European motives for establishing colonies including mercantilism, religious persecution, poverty, oppression, and new opportunities. Identify the Columbian Exchange including the triangular trade and the development of slavery in the colonies.

Recognize the positive and negative ideas of Jacksonian Democracy and identify examples, including the expansion of voting rights.

Recognize reform movements and reform leaders of the pre-Civil War Era.

Define abolition; understand the purpose of the abolitionist movement; identify important leaders and contributions of the abolitionist movement.

Define sectionalism; recognize major legislation and court decisions that increased sectional tensions prior to the Civil War.

Define civil war; describe the Civil War as a conflict between Southern and Northern states; identify major events, battles, and people that influenced the United States during the Civil War; locate the Union States from the Confederate States on a map; describe Alabama’s role in the Civil War.

Define reconstruction, scalawags, carpetbaggers, Black Codes, impeachment, and freedmen’s Bureau; identify Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments; recognize social, political, and economic changes initiated by the policies of the Reconstruction.

Compare and contrast agricultural and industrial societies; recognize that the United States transitioned from an agricultural society to an industrial society prior to World War I.

Identify and locate the regions of early New England, Middle colonies, and Southern colonies; recognize economic, cultural, and governmental characteristics for each region; understand that certain ideas found in the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, and the Mayflower Compact influenced the development of self-government.

Recognize the importance of major events leading up to the American Revolution including the French and Indian War, passage of the Stamp Act, the Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, passage of the Intolerable Acts, the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the publication of Common Sense, and the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

List the major provisions of the Treaty of Paris 1783.

Compare the First and Second Continental Congresses.

Understand that the U.S. Constitution is our plan of government.

Define the amendments including the Bill of Rights.

Define the major provisions of the Constitution including the separation of powers, checks and balances, the three branches of government – executive, legislative, and judicial.

Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Identify the key cases that helped shape the United States Supreme Court, including Marbury versus Madison, McCullough versus Maryland, and Cherokee Nation versus Georgia.

Understand that the United States interacts with other countries in the world; identify important events between the United States, Britain, and France from 1781 to 1823.

Identify the major events surrounding War of 1812.

Identify the major provisions of the Monroe Doctrine.

Understand the concept of Manifest Destiny; identify and describe events of the U.S. expansion prior to the Civil War.

Identify major events in Alabama from 1781 to 1823, including settlement, statehood, and conflicts with American Indians.

Define economic nationalism; identify internal improvements during the Era of Good Feelings including canals, national road, steamboat, and the cotton gin.

Trace the events from 1754 to 1783 that led to the independence of the United States of America.

Trace the evolution and expansion of abolitionism, examining the contributions of key abolitionist figures and analyzing the reactions of both southern and northern communities to this campaign.

Describe forms of resistance to slavery demonstrated by enslaved and free Black Americans, and assess the impact of resistance on southern states’ slave codes.

Describe the rise of religious opposition to slavery during the Second Great Awakening, including the objections of Quakers, and how this fostered schisms within American churches.

Identify leading abolitionists, including Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison, and summarize the arguments they made in opposition to slavery and in rebuttal to pro-slavery rhetoric.

Evaluate how the Underground Railroad and its leaders shaped the national discussion over slavery, including the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act and publication of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

Analyze how government policies and events related to slavery led to increased sectionalism throughout the United States prior to the Civil War.

Summarize major legislation and court decisions from 1820 to 1861 that sought to address the issue of slavery, and describe the sectional responses to these government actions.

Develop an argument to show how the causes and consequences of the Texas Revolution and Mexican-American War escalated sectional tension in the debate over slavery and expansion.

Describe how Alabamians were impacted by growing sectionalism from 1832 to 1861, including the reliance on cotton and slave labor, the Second Creek War, and secession.

Analyze the effect of sectionalism and debate over slavery on United States political parties in the 1850s and how this led to Abraham Lincoln’s 1860 election and the secession of southern states.

Explain the progression of the Civil War, analyzing the events and the decisions by key figures that led to United States victory and the abolition of slavery.

Compare the military strategy, leadership, and resources of the United States and the Confederate States of America, and evaluate how these factors shaped the outcomes of key battles.

Summarize the political, social, and economic role that Alabama played in the Civil War.

Describe the social, economic, and political conditions that affected citizens during the Civil War and explain how both citizens and enslaved people contributed to the war effort.

Summarize the effects of technological and scientific advancements of the mid-1800s on the strategy, battlefield tactics, and consequences of the Civil War.

Trace the progression of emancipation during and after the Civil War, including the effects of self-emancipation, the Emancipation Proclamation, Juneteenth, and the Thirteenth Amendment.

Evaluate how Reconstruction affected the economic, political, and social landscape of the South.

Compare congressional and presidential Reconstruction plans, including the legislation and constitutional amendments each plan proposed and passed.

Describe the roles of key groups in seeking to influence or resist economic, political, and social change throughout the Reconstruction era in the United States.

Explain how ownership of one’s own labor and land were equated with freedom by freedpeople, and describe emerging labor systems that sought to limit this freedom in the former Confederacy.

Describe how Black Americans in the former Confederacy established new institutions and organizations to mobilize grassroots support for political participation and elect Black politicians to office.

Develop an argument regarding how national and regional events and trends brought Reconstruction to an end.

Explain how westward expansion after the Civil War created economic growth in the West and affected the people living there as well as those migrating to the region.

Evaluate the contributions of the Homestead Act and the transcontinental railroad to increased migration to and settlement of the West.

Describe the economic and environmental impacts of new industries during the settlement of the West, including the mining and cattle industries.

Explain the effects of federal policies and military actions on Native Americans after the Civil War and describe Native American resistance to these actions.

Evaluate the United States’ efforts to increase engagement with Asia and the Pacific Islands in the late nineteenth century.

Describe the economic contributions of Asian immigrants in the second half of the nineteenth century and the hostility they faced in the United States.

Summarize why the United States sought to acquire the Hawaiian Islands and describe native Hawaiians’ efforts to resist annexation.

Describe the transformation of American society and politics during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Analyze how the growing awareness of economic and political corruption during the Gilded Age led to reform efforts on both state and national levels.

Describe the changes in American society that resulted from the inventions and innovations of business leaders, entrepreneurs, and inventors of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Analyze the push and pull factors contributing to the rapid growth of cities in the United States during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Summarize social, economic, and cultural consequences of urbanization for American society, including changes in living and working conditions, the emergence of new social classes, and the growth of leisure opportunities.

Explain how various reform and reactionary movements emerged in response to the challenges of urbanization and immigration.

Investigate and recount the experiences of immigrant communities in urban America, including patterns of settlement, cultural assimilation, and origins of migration.

Describe the emergence of the Populist and Progressive movements and explain changes brought about by individual reformers and organizations.

Develop an argument supporting the significance of the National Farmers Alliance, Colored Farmers’ National Alliance, and the Grange in shaping the life of farmers and promoting economic reform.

Assess the effectiveness of muckrakers’ use of literature, newspapers, photography, and other media to inspire change during the Progressive Era.

Summarize the rise of labor unions and their efforts to improve working conditions in industrial America.

Analyze the roles and differing viewpoints of female reformers and women’s organizations in guiding the women’s suffrage and temperance movements.

Describe the emergence of the New South economy and Jim Crow era, and explain the corresponding efforts to secure civil rights by Black Americans after Reconstruction.

Explain how Jim Crow laws, Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), and violence shaped the economic, political, and social structure of the New South after Reconstruction.

Summarize political and social motives that influenced the writing of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, and explain its effect on politics and economics in Alabama.

Analyze the ideologies, efforts, and impacts of civil rights reformers, groups, and civic organizations that challenged Jim Crow laws and violence at the turn of the twentieth century.

Describe the efforts of reformers to create greater educational and economic opportunities for Black Americans through the establishment of new institutions and organizations.

Explain how British policies and actions from 1754 to 1775 created political and economic disagreements with American colonists.

Analyze the means by which colonists protested British policies and the ideas communicated through colonists’ speeches and written pamphlets.

Summarize the main arguments within the Declaration of Independence, its rationale for separation from Great Britain, and its ideas of equality, liberty, natural rights, and the rule of law.

Evaluate the contributions of colonial leaders, including George Washington; military strategy; and the support of foreign nations to significant victories in the War for Independence.

Compare and contrast the contributions of different groups in colonial America to the War for Independence and the effects of the war on members of these groups, including free and enslaved Black Americans, Loyalists, Native Americans, and women.

Evaluate how events and issues from the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1783) to the ratification of the Constitution of the United States affected the development of the political system of the United States.

Compare and contrast the domestic agendas and accomplishments of Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson.

Critique the effectiveness of national legislation passed during the Progressive Era in addressing concerns regarding business practices, including the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act.

Describe the political reforms passed during the Progressive Era.

Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, and describe how Shays’ Rebellion generated sentiment favoring a strong central government.

Describe the major issues debated at the Constitutional Convention and analyze the solutions produced, including: the distribution of political power among states and within the federal government; the conduct of foreign affairs, commerce, and trade; the election of the executive; and slavery as a regional and federal issue.

Compare the arguments of Federalists and Anti-Federalists regarding ratification of the United States Constitution, and explain how the Bill of Rights represented a compromise between fundamental liberties and the powers of government.

Analyze the major policies and political developments of the presidencies of George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe.

Identify and explain factors leading to the development of political parties, including the conflicting views of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton, George Washington’s Farewell Address, and the election of 1800.

Analyze the development of economic infrastructure during the Early Republic, including the effects of Alexander Hamilton’s economic policies.

Explain the establishment of a national judiciary and its power, including the institution of judicial review in Marbury v. Madison (1803).

Describe relations of the United States with Britain, France, and Native American nations from 1789 to 1812.

Analyze the political and economic causes and consequences of the War of 1812, including the impact on Native Americans.

Assess how the American Revolution and its rhetoric affected the status of slavery in the newly formed United States.

Describe the growth of an anti-slavery movement in northern states through the founding of the first abolitionist societies, passage of gradual emancipation laws, court cases, and actions of individuals.

Explain why the Northwest Ordinance's ban on slavery in new states north of the Ohio River (1787) was significant.

Explain causes, courses, and consequences of United States’ expansionism and the rise of Manifest Destiny ideology prior to 1848.

Summarize the effects of the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears on Native Americans, and describe the efforts by different nations to oppose removal.

Describe how the Treaty of Paris of 1783, Northwest Ordinance of 1785, Northwest Ordinance of 1787, and the Louisiana Purchase affected American territorial expansion.

Describe how scientific and technological advances helped facilitate expansion prior to 1848.

Analyze reasons for migration via the western trails and the consequences of the rapid settlement of California, Oregon, Texas, and Utah on those migrating, those residing in these regions, and on the United States as a whole.

Compare major events in Alabama from 1781 to 1823, including statehood as part of the expanding nation, acquisition of land, settlement, and the Creek War, to events occurring elsewhere in the developing nation.

Evaluate the influence of American social and political reform on the emergence of a national identity from the early to mid-nineteenth century.

Describe the changes in political culture during the Age of Reform, including the concept of Jacksonian democracy.

Investigate and share information on the influence of individuals and movements of art, religion, education, and literature on the emergence of a national identity.

Assess how women challenged their societal roles under the Cult of Domesticity through their participation in social movements prior to the Civil War.

Summarize the contributions of women reformers in the early to mid-nineteenth century who sought to expand political and educational opportunities for women.

Explain how the acquisition of new land in the South and the invention of the cotton gin contributed to the growth of the cotton economy and increased demand for enslaved labor.

Analyze the domestic slave trade/forced migration, labor, and variations in the practice of slavery in different areas of the United States.

Describe how enslaved people maintained African traditions and created their own unique culture, including foodways, spiritual beliefs, and ceremonies.

Explain how economic and social divisions led to heightened sectionalism between the North and the South, examining their geographical and economic distinctions and the disparities between agrarian and industrial interests.

Explain how the Market Revolution fostered economic, cultural, and demographic changes in northern states.

Describe the central ideas of Henry Clay’s American System, and explain how the implementation of these concepts contributed to the growth of the American economy and sectionalism.

Compare and contrast political and sectional views on economic policies, and explain how these views led to political conflict during the early to mid-nineteenth century.

American Expansion Post-Civil War

The Development of Industrial America

A Nation Divided

National Expansion and Reform

A New Nation

UNITED STATES HISTORY II: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TO THE PRESENT

Compare an agricultural society and an industrial nation; identify specific examples of the transition from 1870 to prior to World War I.

Recognize major changes in the lives of Americans during World War II and how Alabama participated in the war.

Identify Women’s participation in World War II including industry and volunteerism.

Identify the role of African –Americans in World War II including the Tuskegee Airmen.

Understand how the international role of the United States greatly increased after 1945; identify key societal people and/or events during the Cold War; identify key locations of conflict during the Cold War.

Define containment, espionage, McCarthyism, and the domino theory. Recognize how the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan attempted to stop the spread of communism.

List the countries that were members of the Warsaw Pact.

List the countries that were members of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Describe major social and scientific advances during the 1960s, identify programs that particularly benefitted Alabamians including the New Frontier, and the Marshall Flight Space Center in Huntsville, AL.

Locate North Vietnam and South Vietnam on a map, recognize the war in Vietnam as a conflict during the Cold War period.

Understand the purpose and goals of the civil rights movement from post-World War II to 1970; identify influential people, events, and outcomes of the civil rights movement.

Compare and contrast examples of changing social and cultural conditions during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.

Identify the major movements that occurred in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1070s, including the Feminist Movement, United Farm Workers and the American Indian Movement (AIM).

Recognize significant foreign and domestic issues since the 1970s.

List significant domestic policies and issues of presidential administration from Richard Nixon to Present including Watergate, “Reaganomics,” Clinton Impeachment, Homeland Security, No Child Left Behind (NCLB).

List significant foreign events and issues during the presidential administrations from Richard Nixon to Present including Détente, Iranian Hostage Crisis, Fall of the Soviet Union, Persian Gulf War, and the War on Terrorism.

Define agrarian society, assimilation, industrialization, urbanization, and immigration.

Identify groups of western settlers, including areas of conflict with Native Americans.

Identify various advancements made during the Western Expansion including windmills, barbed wire, revolver, and the transcontinental railroad.

Identify the goals of the Progressive movement; identify people and/or describe major events and developments in the United States during the Progressive movement.

Identify the causes, major events, and key figures of the Spanish American War; understand the United States transition to becoming a world power following the Spanish-American War.

Define diplomacy, foreign policy, domestic policy, and imperialism.

Define militarism, nationalism, imperialism, and alliances; understand that the United States entry into World War I had a significant impact on the outcome of the war; identify the consequences of World War I.

Identify key social changes that occurred after World War I.

Identify notable people of the 1920s including Babe Ruth, Charles Lindbergh, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Andrew Wyeth, Frederick Remington, Langston Hughes, Louis Armstrong, Henry Ford, W.C. Handy, Zora Neale Hurston, and Al Capone.

Define economic depression; recognize the general causes of the Great Depression including overproduction of crops, stock market crash; recognize the effects of the Great Depression including collapse of the farm economy, unemployment, bank failure, homelessness and soup kitchens

Describe the New Deal and identify reform programs intended to help people and strengthen the economy.

Identify events leading to the outbreak of World War II; define Fascism, Nazism, Communism, appeasement, and neutrality. Identify Axis and Allied powers during World War II. Identify militarism of the Axis Powers. Recognize U.S. attempts to remain neutral.

Define blitzkrieg, genocide, island – hopping, and concentration camps; locate key locations involved in World War II that led to global conflict; identify key events, people, and/or strategies involved in World War II.

Summarize conflicting viewpoints over the United States’ role in the world from the Spanish-American War to its entry into World War I.

Evaluate the influence of events, organizations, and individual actions on the expansion of the Civil Rights Movement nationally.

Identify and explain key events from 1945 to 1955 that brought about the emergence of a large-scale movement for civil rights.

Analyze the extent to which the actions and campaigns of civil rights activists and organizations from 1954 to 1965 prompted federal measures to advance civil and human rights.

Compare and contrast the actions and philosophies of key civil rights leaders and organizations, including Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X.

Summarize the political, economic, and physical means by which opponents of the Civil Rights Movement sought to limit its achievements.

Describe how key Alabamians provided leadership, generated change, or demonstrated resistance to the Civil Rights Movement.

Analyze how cultural changes, economic growth, and government action during the Truman and Eisenhower administrations shaped the daily lives of Americans.

Evaluate the effects of the arms and space races on the growth of the military-industrial complex.

Describe the demographic and political changes that occurred as some populations shifted from cities to suburbs.

Compare and contrast major domestic initiatives of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, and explain how Kennedy’s assassination led to both change and continuity in these initiatives.

Investigate the major elements of Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society program and explain how it represents an attempt to expand the American social safety net, including the War on Poverty, Medicare, Medicaid, and Head Start.

Explain the evolution of America’s Cold War policy to defend democracy and contain communism around the world and how this led to an escalation in armed conflict during the 1960s.

Assess the effectiveness of John F. Kennedy’s foreign policy toward Cuba, including the Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Investigate and explain the effects of the domino theory and the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution on United States involvement in the Vietnam conflict.

Describe how significant events in the Vietnam War resulted in a decline of public support for American involvement in the conflict.

Evaluate the relationship between domestic social movements, including the New Left and counterculture movements, and America’s war in Vietnam and explain how the movements and the war each influenced public perception of the other.

Explain shifts in the scope of the Civil Rights Movement from the mid-1960s into the 1970s, including geographic regions, issues of focus, and participation.

Explain how the Civil Rights Movement inspired other movements for civil and human rights, and describe the contributions of groups and individuals to these movements.

Evaluate the social and political significance of the women’s rights movement from the 1960s to the 1980s on the lives of women in the United States.

Compare and contrast major Supreme Court decisions from the 1960s through the 1980s and explain how they reflect an ongoing national debate regarding the expansion and limits of civil liberties, civil rights, and constitutional protections.

Describe how significant domestic events during the presidencies of Richard Nixon and Jimmy Carter shaped United States economics, politics, and society.

Trace the events that fostered the emergence of the modern environmental movement and prompted government regulations as well as civic action.

Outline the events that led to the Watergate scandal and brought about the resignation of President Richard Nixon and the presidency of Gerald Ford.

Identify the reasons for the economic fluctuations of the 1970s and evaluate the effectiveness of government action on the problem of stagflation.

Describe significant foreign policy events during the presidencies of Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Jimmy Carter that decreased hostility in the Cold War.

Analyze how America’s foreign policy decisions in the Vietnam War shaped Cold War actions in the 1970s, including détente and increased concern for human rights.

Evaluate how the United States’ increasing involvement in the Middle East during the 1970s affected both the region and the United States itself.

Analyze the conservative revolution in American politics and how this shaped Ronald Reagan’s domestic and foreign policies.

Describe the growth and composition of movement conservatism beginning in the 1960s, and explain how this culminated in the formation of the Reagan Coalition and led to his election in 1980.

Analyze how Reaganomics and deregulation affected the American economy and society.

Trace the series of events during Reagan’s presidency leading to the emergence of the United States as the sole superpower, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Analyze the shifts in United States foreign policy and challenges to it after the Cold War and into the twenty-first century.

Investigate the role and influence of the United States in peacekeeping efforts around the world from the 1990s into the early twenty-first century.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the United States’ response to the September 11 attacks, including the war in Afghanistan, creation of the Department of Homeland Security, and passage of the USA PATRIOT Act.

Compare and contrast Operation Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Freedom, including why they took place, the domestic political consequences of United States’ involvement in these conflicts, and the international implications for these wars.

Evaluate how political developments and technology shaped economic trends and fluctuations from the 1990s into the early twenty-first century.

Trace the evolution of the environmental movement and political debate over climate change from the 1980s to the present, including how environmental and natural disasters have shaped the discussion.

Assess the economic and political effects of immigration on the United States and explain how immigration policies have evolved in the post-Cold War era.

Explain how yellow journalism, jingoistic sentiments, and economic interests led to American entry into war with Spain.

Describe the consequences of the Spanish-American War, including the United States’ rise to global prominence, debate over territorial expansion, and military intervention in Cuba and the Philippines.

Trace United States’ interventions around the world under Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy, William Howard Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy, and Woodrow Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy.

Compare and contrast the arguments of those in the United States who advocated for preparedness and those who sought neutrality from 1914 to 1917.

Summarize the events and factors that led to the United States entry into World War I.

Trace United States military involvement in World War I and the contributions of the American Expeditionary Force to the victory of the Allied Powers.

Evaluate how federal policies and legislation have shaped American society since 1988.

Assess how political events beginning with the Clinton presidency and into the early 2000s contributed to growing political polarization.

Describe the significance of national elections from 1992 to the present, including the 2000 presidential recount in Florida and 2008 election of Barack Obama.

Describe the roles of Black Americans as members of the military and on the home front during World War I, including the Harlem Hellfighters and the Great Migration.

Describe the changing roles and rights of women in the United States that resulted from their contributions to World War I and ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment.

Analyze how government actions in the United States during World War I produced both economic growth and social division.

Compare the reasons given by opposing sides in the debate over whether the United States should ratify the Treaty of Versailles (1919).

Evaluate how key figures, events, and trends shaped United States society and culture from the conclusion of World War I through the 1920s.

Describe how the automobile, cinema, print media, and radio contributed to the rise in mass culture, economic growth, and expansion of the middle class during the 1920s.

Explain how art, literature, and music, including that produced by Alabamians, influenced both the Harlem Renaissance and the broader culture of the 1920s.

Explain why the 1920s comprised a period of significant social conflict as manifested by the Scopes trial, growth of the Ku Klux Klan, rise of nativist thinking, the Red Scare, and antisemitism.

Summarize the debate over prohibition and describe how prohibition contributed to social and cultural changes of the 1920s.

Trace the causes and course of Red Summer and subsequent violence into the 1920s, including the Tulsa Race Massacre.

Analyze the causes of the Great Depression, including the effects of overproduction, stock market speculation, buying on credit, international trade policy, and restrictive monetary policies.

Differentiate between the ways Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt dealt with the Great Depression.

Critique the effectiveness of the New Deal in managing problems of the Great Depression through relief, recovery, and reform programs; expansion of the executive branch; and the application of Keynesian economic theory.

Identify economic and social effects of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl on American society and describe how individuals addressed the challenges and sought to help others in need.

Describe the effects of New Deal programs on Alabama, outlining the problems they sought to address.

Analyze the impact of the Great Depression and the resulting social programs on the American family and minority groups.

Trace the progression of events and policies leading to World War II and the United States’ entry into the war.

Summarize the United States’ foreign policies of isolationism and internationalism as World War II began and explain how the bombing of Pearl Harbor affected this approach.

Critique the evolving United States policy and public attitudes toward Nazi Germany and the growing refugee crisis as the Holocaust began.

Analyze how United States military involvement shaped major events of World War II.

Develop an argument supporting the thesis that major battles of World War II in which the United States was involved were turning points of the war and outline the impact of these battles on territorial occupation by the Allied and Axis powers.

Compare and contrast the roles and leadership of United States leaders in securing victory for the Allied powers during World War II.

Evaluate the effectiveness of United States strategies in the war, including the decision to utilize atomic weapons on Japan.

Describe the role of the United States military in helping end the Holocaust, including the liberation of concentration camps and participation in the Nuremberg Trials.

Explain how key consequences of World War II shaped United States foreign policy after the war.

Analyze the domestic, economic, and civil rights impact of World War II on United States society.

Describe Alabama's participation in World War II, including the role of the Tuskegee Airmen, housing prisoner of war (POW) camps, growth of the Port of Mobile, production of steel in Birmingham, and the establishment of military bases.

Explain how minority groups organized to gain access to wartime jobs and how they confronted discrimination, including the Bracero Program and Double V Campaign.

Describe the experiences of Japanese Americans in World War II, including their internment on the home front and military contributions in Europe to Allied victory.

Describe how World War II led to advances in mass media, medicine, science, and technology.

Outline the foreign policy changes that led the United States into the Cold War and contributed to its emergence as a superpower.

Develop an argument regarding the effectiveness of the United States policy of containment that resulted from its growing ideological and political tensions with the Soviet Union.

Compare the application of the United States’ policy of containment to various areas of the world outside the Soviet Union in the late 1940s and 1950s.

Identify and explain the origins of the United States’ involvement in the Korean War and the consequences of Harry Truman’s limited war plan for Korea.

Analyze the domestic responses to the Cold War, including the impact of McCarthyism.

Contemporary America

Post-World War II America

Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression

Rise to World Power

Late Twentieth-Century America

World War II

Investigate and share information on how scarcity can impact factors of production and the decision-making of individuals, businesses, and governments.

Analyze the factors that determine and shape a country’s standard of living.

Explain how the relationship between inputs and outputs is used to calculate productivity at various levels of the economy.

Explain how investments in education, equipment, factories, healthcare, new technology, and training promote economic growth and enhance living standards.

Research and share information on how Alabama and the United States relate to the global economy in terms of current technological innovations and technology-based industries.

Explain why individuals, businesses, and nations engage in trading goods and services in the global economy.

Contrast absolute advantage to comparative advantage, and explain how they are used to measure gains from trade.

Locate and utilize current economic data to demonstrate how changes in exchange rates impact the purchasing power of individuals and businesses.

Analyze why countries sometimes impose trade barriers and sometimes engage in free trade.

Construct and explain examples of specialization and exchange.

Explain the relationship between scarcity as a basic condition of economics and the decision-making needed to allocate limited resources.

Explain how land (natural resource), labor (human resource), capital (physical or human resource), and entrepreneurship function as factors of production.

Compare marginal benefits and marginal costs of an action, using rational decision-making.

Analyze how changes in opportunity costs impact the rational decision-making of individuals, businesses, and governments.

Illustrate and explain how rational decision-making involves the consideration of trade-offs and opportunity costs.

Compare the methods that various economic systems use to allocate goods and services.

Describe the key elements of command, market, and mixed economic systems.

Research and share information illustrating how different economic systems answer the basic economic questions of what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce.

Compare the ways that different economic systems address competition, consumer sovereignty, government regulation, private ownership, and profit motive.

Draw conclusions about how supply, demand, and price interact in a market economy.

Utilize circular flow diagrams to illustrate and explain the operation of the product market; the operation of the factor market; the real flow of goods and services between and among businesses, households, and government; and the flow of money.

Apply the law of supply and demand to everyday consumer and business decisions.

Explain how prices serve as incentives in a market economy, and how factors other than price cause changes in supply and demand.

Illustrate and explain how supply and demand determine equilibrium price and quantity and how price movements eliminate shortages and surpluses.

Compare and contrast types of business firms, including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations.

Evaluate the role of profit as an incentive for short- and long-term decisions by corporations, partnerships, and sole proprietorships.

Distinguish among the levels of competition that exist in market and mixed economic systems, including pure competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly.

Research and present information on the role and impact of economic institutions on state and national economies, including labor unions and nonprofit organizations.

Analyze data to describe the shifting demographics of the labor force of the United States in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including age, education, gender, race, regional specialization, and socioeconomic background.

Explain how the characteristics of the labor force influence wages and non-wage benefits and affect economic growth.

Explain how the supply and demand of labor influence wage and non-wage benefits and affect economic growth.

Analyze the role of government in a market economy.

Research and explain ways the government influences the economy, including promoting and securing competition, protecting private property rights, distributing resources, providing public goods and services, resolving externalities and other perceived market failures, and stabilizing growth in the economy.

Assess how government regulation and deregulation affect consumers and producers.

Explain how the budgetary categories of government revenue and expenditures impact the collection of taxes and the distribution of resources.

Explain how economic measurements, including the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation rates, labor force participation rate, and unemployment figures, are used to assess the overall economic health of the country.

Analyze how spending and production decisions made by households, businesses, and government determine overall levels of income, employment, and prices.

Compare and contrast structural, cyclical, and frictional unemployment.

Describe the stages of the business cycle and explain how employment and inflation change during those stages.

Explain how unemployment and inflation affect individuals and nations, citing specific examples.

Explain how fiscal and monetary policy influence price stability, employment, and economic growth, citing examples from the past hundred years.

Explain how the United States Federal Reserve System regulates the banking system and uses its tools of monetary policy through an ample reserve system to achieve its economic goals.

Describe how Congress and state legislatures use fiscal policy to achieve their economic, social, and political goals, including taxing, spending, grants, and mandates.

Correlate fluctuations in government deficits over time to the extent of national debt during those periods.

American Market Economy

Fundamental Economic Concepts

Global Economy

Government in Economics

ECONOMICS

Define scarcity, land, and opportunity costs; understand the concepts of resources and wants and needs; recognize that productive resources are limited and why individuals, businesses, and governments have to make choices in order to meet needs and wants.

Define the United States Federal Reserve System and describe its purpose.

Define monetary policy.

Understand the concepts of price stability, full employment, and economic growth.

Identify the benefits of trading with individuals, businesses, and other countries.

Define absolute advantage and comparative advantage.

Define exchange rates.

Recognize how changes in exchange rates affect trade including trade wars with China today.

Categorize examples of productive resources.

Understand the concepts of costs and benefits; identify the trade-offs involved in economic decisions; recognize the associated costs and benefits of a given situation.

Understand that economic systems answer the three basic economic questions of what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce; identify how the three basic economic questions are answered in a mixed market economy.

Identify examples of different types of economic systems.

Recognize the role of the government in a market economy; recognize examples of how the government is involved in the economy.

Classify government activities as specific examples of the government's role in the economy.

Understand the concepts of economic growth and standard of living; recognize ways to encourage economic growth.

Understand the concept of specializing and voluntary exchange between buyers and sellers; recognize the process of producing, selling, and buying goods and services in a market economy.

Construct supply and demand curves.

Understand the role of businesses in a market economy; recognize that businesses are important in the distribution of goods and services; recognize different business types and the goods and services they sell to consumers.

Define labor; recognize that labor is an essential part of the economic system; identify characteristics that are most likely to increase wages and benefits.

Identify ways the economy is measured and activities associated with a strong economy.

Calculate the unemployment rate.

Explain how Enlightenment principles informed the structure and principles of the United States government, its founding documents, its institutions, and the division of powers, as set forth in Leviathan (Thomas Hobbes, 1651), Two Treatises of Government (John Locke, 1689), The Spirit of the Laws (Montesquieu, 1748), The Social Contract (Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1762), and Treatise on Tolerance (Voltaire, 1763).

Outline major characteristics and functions of contemporary political parties in the United States, including the role of state and national conventions as well as party leadership.

Describe how third-party candidates have historically affected elections in the United States, and evaluate the arguments for and against their inclusion in contemporary elections.

Assess the impact of political parties on citizens and elected officials, including the increase of political polarization, rise of independent voters, and disillusionment with party systems.

Analyze the electoral process, focusing on election laws and systems at the national, state, and local levels, and explain their constitutional underpinnings, practical implementation, and effects on voter participation and representation in democratic governance.

Outline how the Electoral College functions and explain how candidates must appeal to a wide variety of states and develop coalitions in order to secure the electoral votes required to win the presidency.

Evaluate the effects of reapportionment, redistricting, and gerrymandering on congressional elections.

Describe the rights and duties of citizens, including participation in the election process.

Explain why maintaining a balance between individual rights and majority rule and between state and national power is important for the functioning of the United States government.

Outline how the federal system of the United States divides powers between national and state governments.

Compare specific functions, organizations, and purposes of local and state governments.

Describe the role of the national government in regulating and facilitating relations among states in the United States.

Analyze how Dillon's Rule and Home Rule provisions in Alabama's 1901 Constitution affect local funding procedures and regulations.

Analyze and interpret the concept of tribal sovereignty, its historical background, and its significance for Native American tribes in the United States, with a particular focus on tribes from Alabama.

Describe how the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and events of the American Revolution influenced the drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights.

Analyze the major features and structural organization of the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.

Summarize and explain the underlying principles of the Constitution, including checks and balances, federalism, limited government, popular sovereignty, republicanism, and separation of powers.

Summarize the formal process of amending the Constitution of the United States.

Explain how the Fourteenth Amendment extended rights to minority groups through the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses.

Describe the role and responsibilities of the legislative branch, including the process of lawmaking, the power of the purse, and the system of checks and balances within Congress.

Compare and contrast the leadership roles within Congress, including the Speaker of the House, the Senate President Pro Tempore, majority and minority leaders, and party whips.

Identify the types of congressional committees and explain their roles in policy-making.

Outline the process by which a bill becomes a law, including introduction, committee review, floor debate, lobbyist actions, voting in both chambers, and presidential action.

Analyze how the functions and authority of the executive branch evolve through changes in the scope of presidential powers, executive orders, executive agreements, and the role of the president in foreign and domestic policy.

Describe how the president of the United States utilizes formal powers to achieve policy goals, including veto power, addressing the nation in the State of the Union Address, and the authority to pardon.

Describe how the president of the United States uses informal powers to shape public opinion, including interaction with media and the public, head of party, and symbolic powers of the Oval Office.

Explain the role of the Cabinet and White House staff in the process of presidential decision-making.

Compare and contrast the structures of the federal bureaucracy, including cabinet departments, independent regulatory commissions, government corporations, and independent executive agencies.

Summarize the functions and duties of the judicial branch, including the power of judicial review and interpretation of laws.

Explain the structure, jurisdiction, and processes of civil and criminal courts in the United States, including courts with original and appellate jurisdiction.

Outline and explain the process of appointing Supreme Court Justices and other federal judges.

Contrast strict and loose constructionist views of the Constitution of the United States.

Explain how landmark United States Supreme Court cases have shaped the constitutional interpretation and expansion of civil liberties and civil rights.

Describe the significance of Alabama landmark cases that impacted American society and governance.

Analyze how the expansion of suffrage affected the political system of the United States, including the enfranchisement of non-property owners, women, Black Americans, and persons 18 to 20 years of age.

Explain how increases and shifts in political participation by minorities and other voting blocs shape political party coalitions, campaigns, and voter turnout.

Describe how Black Codes, Jim Crow laws, and the Selma-to-Montgomery March influenced the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Analyze historic and current barriers to voting access and voter turnout, and weigh the benefits and consequences of possible solutions.

Describe how special interest groups and political action committees develop, how they function, and how their campaign contributions affect state and national elections.

Summarize the effects of campaign finance rulings by the United States Supreme Court on the election process.

Analyze examples of legislation or policy decisions that reflect the influence of special interest groups, and describe methods by which these groups seek to sway the policy-making process.

Explain the role of the media in the political process, including how they shape public opinion.

Analyze how public opinion is measured through polling.

Analyze the influence of television and digital media on elections and campaign spending.

Foundations of American Government

Branches of Government

Citizenship and Civic Responsibilities

Key Institutions and Political Participation

Local and State Government

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

Define government; contrast limited government and unlimited government; recognize documents and individuals who helped shape the government of the United States.

Define political party and describe its job; identify and contrast the major political parties in the United States--Republican, Democratic, and/or nonaffiliated parties (Independent).

Define legislative branch of government; identify the major roles and/or responsibilities of the legislative branch of government, recognize the legislative branch is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate and identify the differences between them.

List in chronological order the steps by which a bill becomes a law.

Define executive branch of government; identify the major roles and responsibilities of the executive branch of government; recognize that the executive branch is headed by the president of the United States.

Classify presidential powers as either constitutional, informal, or symbolic.

Define judicial branch of government; identify the major roles and responsibilities of the judicial branch of government; recognize that the judicial branch is a court system with the Supreme Court serving as the highest court in the land.

Identify the effect by which landmark decisions change the interpretation of constitutional provisions and rights.

Understand that citizens have rights and responsibilities; recognize rights that citizens are guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States.

Define and contrast domestic policy and foreign policy and recognize examples of each.

Identify key philosophers, including Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Charles de Montesquieu, and Jean Jacques Rousseau.

Identify key documents, including Magna Carta, Petition of Rights, English Bill of Rights, Mayflower Compact, and the Virginia Declaration of Rights.

Identify the Great Awakening.

Recognize the importance of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States.

Place into chronological order key political events of the American Revolution.

Identify the major purposes of the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.

Outline the possible paths taken to ratify an amendment to the Constitution.

Define federalism; describe how powers are divided between the federal and state governments.

Identify the responsibilities of state and local governments.

Understand the importance of voting and the expansion of voting rights; identify ways in which voting rights have expanded to be more inclusive and increase participation in the political system.

Identify key constitutional amendments and laws that have allowed for the expansion of the right to vote.

Identify key obstacles imposed during the Jim Crow era to limit suffrage rights.

Identify key events in the Civil Rights Movement that led to the expansion of suffrage rights.

Understand that public officials are elected to office; recognize that elections are held at the local, state, and national level.

Understand that candidates for public office are often supported by groups of people called “special-interest groups” and “political action committees.”

Identify ways candidates can get their message out to voters and ways voters can learn about candidates.

WORLD HISTORY: 1500 TO THE PRESENT

Define Renaissance; recognize art, music, and literature as cultural characteristics of the Renaissance.

Define urbanization; recognize changes in society as a result of the Industrial Revolution;

Identify leaders of the women’s rights movement including Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Sojourner Truth, and Susan B. Anthony.

Identify leaders of the abolitionist movement including Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Harriet Tubman.

Identify the Emancipation Proclamation, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.

Explain nationalism and imperialism.

Identify factors that caused European nationalism.

Identify factors that caused Western imperialism.

Define total war; identify key events and/or people from World War I; describe military technology used during World War I.

Describe the rise of communism in Russia during WWI.

Identify problems created by the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 including Germany’s reparations and the war guilt clause.

Identify alliances during World War I and boundary changes after World War I.

Identify challenges in the United States after World War I.

Identify the causes and effects of the Great Depression including the stock market crash, collapse of farm economy, Dust Bowl, collapse of savings and loans banks, inflation, poverty, homelessness, soup kitchens, and unemployment.

Define global conflict and describe how World War II was a global conflict; recognize social, economic, and/or political changes, key events, and people from World War II including the Holocaust, Atomic Age, and the Nuremberg Trials. SS.AAS.9.14a- Identify turning points of World War II in the European and Pacific Theaters.

Identify the map changes in national borders as a result of World War II.

Identify the Axis and Allied Powers. SS.AAS.9.14d- Identify the end results of World War II including VE-Day and VJ-Day.

Recognize causes of the Cold War and the United States’ new role in world affairs; identify key events and/or people of the Cold War.

List some changes in world conditions that led to globalization from 1945–present; recall the definition of globalization; define terrorism and recognize its impact on the world.

Define and list characteristics of democracy including civil liberties, human rights and separation of powers.

Define humanism.

List the advances in technology that led to increased trade. Example the printing press.

Identify major European countries on a map of Europe; define exploration, imperialism, colonization, and mercantilism.

Identify major ocean currents, wind patterns, landforms, and climates by marking them on a map.

Define Reformation, counter-Reformation, English Reformation, and religious and secular authorities; identify key events and/or people of the Reformation.

Identify the location, geographical resources, and natural resources of Africa, India, Japan, and/or China; recognize that trade between countries leads to cultural development.

Define natural right; identify common characteristics of a monarchy and of a constitutional government.

Identify the Petition of Rights and the English Bill of Rights by giving examples of civil liberties and limited government.

Recognize important factors of the Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment; identify the scientific advancements that led to the Enlightenment.

Define revolution.

Identify causes, people, and key events of the French Revolution.

Define nationalism and liberalism.

List the causes and effects of the revolutions in Latin America and the Caribbean including Haiti, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, and Mexico.

Define capitalism, liberalism, socialism, Marxism; identify important inventors in Europe during the Industrial Revolution.

Explain how the Enlightenment influenced societies and inspired revolutions in Europe and the Americas.

Evaluate the economic, global, political, and social consequences of World War II.

Analyze the role of major Axis and Allied leaders during World War II, including both political and military leaders.

Describe major turning points of World War II in the European, North Africa, and Pacific theaters and identify the locations of these events.

Compare the experiences of civilians in different countries involved in conflict during World War II.

Explain the Holocaust as the state-sponsored, systematic persecution and mass murder of Europe’s Jews and other minorities by Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945.

Describe how the Nazis built upon historical antisemitism to dehumanize Jewish people and frame them as the enemy of the German people.

Trace how the Nazis’ plan for the European Jews evolved from 1933 to the Final Solution.

Explain the roles of different types of camps in the Holocaust, including slave labor, transit, concentration camps, and killing centers.

Trace the events that led to Victory in Europe (VE) Day, and explain how the use of atomic bombs ended the war in the Pacific Theater.

Explain the origins, conduct, and outcomes of the Nuremberg Trials and Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal.

Explain the origins of the Cold War as they relate to the economic, global, political, and social consequences of World War II.

Identify major international organizations and the spheres of influence that developed as the result of World War II and the emergence of Cold War hostilities, including North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), United Nations (UN), and Warsaw Pact.

Compare political ideologies that existed within the United States, the Soviet Union, and People’s Republic of China after World War II.

Describe the development and conclusion of the Chinese Civil War, including the formation of Taiwan, and how the Chinese Communist Party sought to impose its vision under the rule of Mao Zedong.

Explain realignment and reconstruction in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America after World War II, including the decline of colonial empires.

Describe the efforts of people under colonial rule to establish their independence and resistance to these efforts, including the Zionist movement.

Analyze how economic aid expanded spheres of influence, including the Marshall Plan and Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON).

Trace the progression of the Cold War from the end of World War II to the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Explain the development of new technologies and their significance in the nuclear arms race and space race.

Evaluate the extent to which efforts to contain or spread communism contributed to global conflict.

Describe the collapse of the Soviet Empire; Russia’s struggle for democracy, free markets, and economic recovery; and the roles of Mikhail Gorbachev, Ronald Reagan, and Boris Yeltsin in bringing the Cold War to a conclusion.

Analyze the causes and effects of both regional and internal conflicts in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.

Critique the response of the world community to mass atrocities and violations of human rights and civil liberties in various nations and regions.

Trace the origin of the Arab-Israeli conflict following the establishment of the State of Israel and explain its impact on the global community.

Evaluate the causes of terrorist movements from the 1970s into the 2000s, including the September 11 attacks, and government responses to them.

Assess the consequences of modern conflicts on populations, including famine, refugee crises, and the use of child soldiers.

Describe the influence of internal conflict, nationalism, and factional enmity in various nations and regions.

Analyze the effects of economic interdependence and globalization on places and their populations.

Explain motivations for countries to enter into global trade agreements.

Describe how economic challenges confronting least developed and developing countries impact their political system and society.

Describe the interrelationship between people and the environment in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.

Research major natural disasters and evaluate the effects of changes in weather, climate, and natural resource usage on regional identity.

Compare and contrast the current consumption of natural resources in various countries across the world.

Explain problems and opportunities involving science, technology, and worldwide communication, including the Internet, in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.

Compare and contrast the emerging ideas of Adam Smith, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Locke, Mary Wollstonecraft, Montesquieu, and Voltaire.

Summarize the influence of the Enlightenment on the American Revolution.

Assess the causes and consequences of the French Revolution.

Explain how the American Revolution influenced the French Revolution.

Identify the objectives of different factions in the French Revolution.

Explain how the Reign of Terror affected the French Revolution, including Robespierre and the guillotine.

Describe the effects of the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte, the Napoleonic Wars, and the Congress of Vienna on the geography, politics, and society of Europe.

Explain the causes and outcomes of the revolutions of Latin America and the Caribbean.

Identify the locations of colonial empires and post-revolutionary countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Analyze the leadership of revolutionary leaders, including Simón Bolivar and Toussaint Louverture.

Explain how changes associated with the Industrial Revolution affected the economies, societies, and politics of Europe.

Describe the technological inventions and labor conditions that characterized the Industrial Revolution in Europe.

Compare the theories of capitalism, utilitarianism, socialism, and Marxism, including the philosophies of John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, and Robert Owen.

Describe the effects of urbanization on Europe during the nineteenth century, including the evolution of the middle and working classes.

Explain how nationalism fostered global transformation from 1848 to 1914.

Evaluate the influence of the Revolutions of 1848 on European politics and society.

Analyze how the international balance of power shifted as a result of the unification of Germany, the decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the emergence of international rivalries.

Analyze the rise of Japan’s power in East Asia beginning with the Meiji Restoration.

Explain how imperialism fostered global transformation.

Trace the origins of late nineteenth century imperialism, imperialist ideology, and colonialism.

Summarize how the actions of imperialist nations affected cultures and peoples of Africa and Asia, and explain how these peoples resisted imperialization.

Identify Western nations’ spheres of influence in Africa, Asia, and Latin America that resulted from nineteenth and twentieth century imperialism.

Explain causes and consequences of World War I, including imperialism, militarism, nationalism, and the alliance system.

Assess the effects of trench warfare and new military technologies on combat during World War I.

Describe the rise of the Bolsheviks and Soviet ideology in Russia during and after World War I.

Explain the consequences of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919, including political and boundary changes.

Analyze the global cultural, economic, and political developments immediately following World War I.

Compare and contrast political ideologies that emerged in Europe following World War I, including communism, fascism, and social democracy.

Summarize the effects of the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, including the rise of Arab nationalism and the European Mandate System.

Summarize the conditions of the global Great Depression and explain how they led to the rise of totalitarian states and the weakening of democratic nations.

Describe how Joseph Stalin sought to consolidate his own rule and strengthen socialism in the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1939.

Trace Adolf Hitler’s rise to power, describing Nazi ideology and the use of propaganda to advance his political and racial goals.

Analyze the rise of militarism in Germany, Italy, and Japan in the 1930s and explain how it led to war.

The Age of Revolution

The Cold War Era

Globalization and the Modern World

Rise of Imperialism and World War I

Interwar Years and World War II

Describe how a selected historical subject is currently remembered or regarded, explaining how historical memory contributes to current thinking about the event.

Identify and explain examples of how the historical subject is currently represented.

Explain factors that have influenced or shaped how the historical subject is viewed in modern day.

Analyze secondary sources related to the selected topic in history.

Describe the strengths and limitations of different types of secondary sources for providing insight into the selected historical subject.

Explain how a historian constructs a viewpoint on a historical subject.

Apply the concept of historiography through contrasting how various historians have interpreted the historical subject.

Explain how historic preservation has been or can be used to impact historical memory of the subject.

Describe different methods of historical preservation, and identify examples of these methods.

Locate and utilize a variety of primary sources related to the selected historical subject.

Describe methods for collecting primary source evidence.

Compare and contrast the types of evidence provided by various primary sources.

Describe the strengths and limitations of different types of primary sources for providing insight into the selected historical subject.

Differentiate between primary and secondary sources on the subject and evaluate the quality of evidence each type yields.

Compare historical methods utilized for research and evaluate how these methods yield information regarding the selected historical subject.

Construct and refine a research question to address an aspect of the subject that is not well-known or has not been widely reported, basing the question on their examination of literature and historiography of the subject.

Utilize various historical methods to acquire information on the selected subject and relate findings to the research question created.

Compare historical evidence to previous interpretations and corroborate salient facts and theories.

Present and defend the results of their interpretations and conclusions.

Describe ways in which public historians present history to audiences.

Evaluate the effectiveness of different methods of presenting historical findings to an audience.

Culminating Project

Subject Research

Subject Survey

Defend the definition of the Holocaust as the planned and systematic state-sponsored persecution and murder of European Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1933 and 1945.*

Summarize the German T4 (“euthanasia”) Program, including its origins and purposes, and explain how it contributed to the Final Solution.*

Summarize the events leading to the outbreak of World War II and how Germany’s actions violated the Treaty of Versailles.*

Analyze Hitler’s motivations for the annexations of Austria and the Sudetenland and the invasion of Poland.

Evaluate the significance of the German invasion of the Soviet Union and how the “Commissar Order” reflected an extension of Nazi racial policies.*

Explain how killing squads, including the Einsatzgruppen, conducted mass shooting operations in Eastern Europe with the assistance of the Schutzstaffel (SS), police units, the army, and local collaborators.*

Locate on a map the Einsatzgruppen killing sites in Eastern Europe.

Explain why the Nazis established ghettos.*

Identify tactics utilized by the Nazis to control, isolate, and weaken Jewish people in the ghettos.

Describe Jewish life in the ghettos, including means of resistance.

Locate major ghettos and explain the significance of these sites.

Identify and summarize the key characteristics of the Final Solution, and describe how it was driven by Nazi ideology.*

Explain the purpose and scope of the Wannsee Conference in 1942.

Differentiate among the types of camps utilized by the Nazis, including their origins, purposes, and the conditions associated with them.*

Outline the arrival, selection, and process components of a prisoner’s entry into a camp.*

Describe daily life in the camps, including means of resistance.

Locate major camps and explain their significance.*

Critique the role that bystanders, collaborators, and perpetrators played in the implementation of Nazi policies against Jewish people and other targeted groups.*

Analyze how corporate complicity aided Nazi goals.*

Assess the effectiveness of different armed and unarmed resistance efforts in Europe from 1933 to 1945, including individuals who opposed the Nazis and their policies.*

Explain how and why Jewish partisans undertook armed resistance against the Germans and their Axis partners.

Critique the responses considered by the Roosevelt administration and the United States military to the suffering of European Jews in the Holocaust.*

Evaluate American and Allied officials’ knowledge of and response to the Final Solution.

Explain the role of the United States military in liberating concentration camps.

Identify the locations of concentration camps liberated by American, British, and Red Army soldiers.

Explain the purpose of the Death Marches.

Evaluate the effect of Nazi policies on other groups targeted by the government of Nazi Germany, including the Roma, Sinti, and people with disabilities.*

Outline the chronology of the Allied advance into Germany and the German surrender.

Explain the origins and history of antisemitism.*

Describe the experience of Holocaust survivors and other displaced persons following World War II.*

Research and report on the lives of Holocaust survivors who settled in Alabama after World War II.

Evaluate the extent to which the legal responses, including the Nuremberg Trials, held Nazi officials to account for war crimes and crimes against humanity.*

Assess the contributions of Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson and the arguments he made as Chief Prosecutor for the United States at the Nuremberg Trials.

Analyze the influence of the Holocaust on the drafting and substance of the 1948 United Nations Declaration of Human Rights.

Explain the effects of the Adolf Eichmann trial in 1961 on policy concerning crimes against humanity, capital punishment, accountability, and the testimony of survivors.

Develop an argument regarding the need for education about the Holocaust and how museums, memorials, and organizations can be used to preserve memory and combat Holocaust denial.*

Differentiate between the concepts of genocide and mass atrocity.*

Analyze the causes and effects of modern-day genocides, and identify the groups involved.

Explain how the concepts of personal and civic responsibility have evolved following the Holocaust.*

Identify core practices and tenets within historical and modern Judaism and analyze the historical and modern antisemitic beliefs about Jewish life and religion.

Analyze how the Nazi regime utilized and built on historical antisemitism to cast the Jewish people as a common enemy.*

Trace the intensification of antisemitism in the United States during the early twentieth century.

Describe cultural, economic, and social aspects of pre-war Jewish life in Europe and explain how these aspects differed across regions.

Locate on a map pre-war centers of Jewish life, including shtetls, in Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.*

Outline the historical events that allowed for the breakdown of democracy in Germany from 1929 to 1939.*

Analyze the Treaty of Versailles as a causal factor for the rise of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi Party), and explain how the Nazis appropriated and manipulated antisemitism to their party’s advantage.*

Describe the Weimar Republic and the fragility of its democracy, and explain why Adolf Hitler was able to come to power.*

Explain how the Nazi Party grew into a mass movement that gained and maintained power in Germany through totalitarian means from 1933 to 1945 under the leadership of Adolf Hitler.*

Describe how the Nazis utilized various forms of propaganda, including education and youth programs, to indoctrinate the German population and exploit antisemitic attitudes among the German people to create an atmosphere of terror.*

Evaluate the Nazis’ propaganda efforts regarding the 1936 Berlin Olympics, and describe how the performance of Jesse Owens contradicted the Nazis’ position.

Analyze how the Schutzstaffel (SS) and the Gestapo broke resistance and instilled fear within Germany and in Nazi-occupied territories.*

Explain why many Germans were actively drawn to Nazi ideology.

Explain how Nazis’ racial beliefs were representative of their overall worldview.*

Describe the concept of the “Aryan Race” in Nazi ideology.

Analyze the Nazis’ pursuit of racial purity, including sterilization and other eugenics practices.

Assess how the Nazis’ antisemitism and racial beliefs influenced their foreign policy.*

Describe how Jewish life deteriorated under the Third Reich in Germany and its annexed territories from 1933 to 1938.*

Explain the motivations behind the boycott of Jewish businesses and Nazi book burnings.

Evaluate the effects of the Nuremberg Laws on Jewish life in Germany.*

Assess the main purposes of the Nazi antisemitic laws and policies and explain how they evolved over time.*

Assess how German Jews reacted to increasing exclusion and isolation in German society between 1933 and 1939 and describe the strategies they employed both to leave Germany and to enlist help from non-Jews in Germany.

Analyze the causes and effects of the November pogrom (Kristallnacht) and how it transitioned the Nazis’ antisemitic activities from targeted persecution and antisemitic policy to open, public violence against Jews in Germany and Nazi-controlled territories.*

Assess how the destruction of Jewish cultural and religious institutions affected German Jews.

Critique American and world responses to the November pogrom (Kristallnacht) and the persecution of Jews in Germany and Nazi-controlled territories.

Describe how Jewish immigration was perceived and restricted by various nations from 1933 to 1939.*

Describe the difficulties European Jewish refugees faced when attempting to emigrate to the United States, Canada, and Latin America during the 1930s and 1940s.*

Evaluate the extent to which Americans were aware of Nazi antisemitic and racial policies and the Holocaust through the information and news available to them during the 1930s and 1940s.

Describe how Alabamians responded to Nazi persecution of the Jews in Europe.*

Antisemitism and Pre-War Jewish Life

The Final Solution

Nazi Antisemitic and Racial Policies

Post-War

The Rise of Hitler and the Nazis

The War in Europe

Differentiate among types of charts, graphs, infographics, and maps, and explain how different types of these illustrate data and trends.

Describe patterns of settlement in different regions of the world.

Evaluate the impact of long-term climate shifts and resource usage on human migration and settlement patterns.

Analyze how the economic and cultural activities of urban places shape surrounding regions.

Explain how urban sprawl affects a city, the communities around it, and the natural environment.

Explain how interaction between people and the environment affects culture in today's society.

Explain how resource availability and cultural practices influence agricultural methods, crop selection, and land-use patterns.

Describe how cultural diffusion and changes in technology have advanced agricultural methods over time.

Explain how economic interdependence and globalization impact countries and their populations.

Trace the flow of commodities among regions of the world, explaining why patterns develop and identifying factors that might interrupt the transfer of goods.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of global trade agreements for both people and countries.

Explain what constitutes a region and analyze relationships between regions.

Research spatial patterns of world populations to discern population distribution and explain reasons for these patterns.

Identify the characteristics, diffusion, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.

Identify and describe essential aspects of culture, including architecture, art, belief systems, customs, food, languages, religion, technology, and traditions.

Differentiate between material and nonmaterial culture within a society, including folk customs.

Explain how music, dance, fashion, and art provide avenues for understanding the cultures from which they originate, both past and present.

Explain how the cultural landscape of a region reflects cultural traits, economic status, and preferences of its inhabitants.

Distinguish among various types of architecture based on their function, and explain how these may differ between rural and urban locations.

Explain the extent and forms of linguistic distribution around the world.

Identify the world's most widely spoken languages and trace their origins and development.

Develop an argument supporting the position that linguistic diversity creates both cultural richness and conflict.

Describe ways religion influences cultures, citing examples from around the globe.

Identify major religions, their places of origin, and areas of expansion.

Compare and contrast ceremonies based on religious traditions in a variety of cultures, including marriages, funerals, and coming-of-age rituals.

Explain how religion influences political views around the world.

Compare and contrast the roles of men and women in societies around the world, including matrilineal and patrilineal societies.

Identify and explain world migration patterns caused by forced displacement throughout history.

Explain the causes and effects of the migration of various ethnic groups to the United States.

Explain the causes and consequences of migration within the United States, citing historical examples.

Culture and Geography

Environment and the Economy

Geographic Principles

Migration and Settlement

Trace the development of psychology as a scientific discipline, including its evolution from other fields of study.*

Explain the importance and processes of memory, including how information is encoded and stored, the use of mnemonic devices, and how schemas influence memory construction and retrieval.

Compare ways memories are stored in the brain, including episodic and procedural, and explain how information is retrieved, reconstructed, or misremembered.

Describe ways in which organisms learn, including the processes of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning.*

Identify and describe unconditioned stimuli, conditioned stimuli, unconditioned responses, and conditioned responses.

Explain the law of effect, and differentiate between reinforcement and punishment, positive and negative reinforcement, and various schedules of reinforcement.

Describe original experiments conducted by Albert Bandura, B. F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, Kenneth and Mamie Clark, and Rosalie Rayner.

Explain processes involved in problem-solving and decision-making, including cognitive processes related to thinking and concept formation.

Explain the role of mental images and verbal symbols in the thought process.

Describe methods of assessing individual differences and theories of intelligence, including Charles E. Spearman's general (g) factor of intelligence, Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences, and Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence.

Describe different types of intelligence tests and explain the Flynn effect.

Summarize concerns regarding the reliability and validity of intelligence test scores and describe the historical use and misuse of intelligence tests.

Explain the role of personality development in human behavior and differentiate among theories that seek to explain this development.

Describe different measures of personality, including the Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness Personality Inventory (NEO-PI), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and projective tests.

Explain the role of motivation and emotion in human behavior.*

Describe theories that explain how biological, cognitive, and social factors influence motivation, including Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, arousal theory, and the theory drive for hunger (homeostasis).

Describe situational cues that cause emotions, including anger, curiosity, and anxiety.

Describe major psychological disorders and their treatments and explain how examples of abnormal behavior differ from normal behavior.*

Describe various approaches for explaining mental illness, including biological and medical, cognitive, and sociocultural models.

Differentiate among types of mental illness, including mood, anxiety, somatoform, schizophrenic, dissociative, and personality disorders.

Describe how attitudes, conditions of obedience and conformity, and other influences affect actions and shape human behavior, including actor-observer, self-server, social facilitation, social loafing, bystander effect, groupthink, and group polarization.

Critique the ethical issues found in Stanley Milgram's work with obedience and S. E. Asch's work with conformity.

Summarize ways to promote psychological wellness.*

Identify sources of stress across the human lifespan and explain the physiological and psychological consequences of stress for health and wellness.*

Explain physiological, cognitive, and behavioral strategies to deal with stress, and contrast positive and negative ways of coping with stress.

Describe different types of biomedical and psychological treatments for mental disorders.

Explain how mental health professionals determine the appropriate treatment from the variety of psychological treatments available for various mental health issues and disorders.*

Identify differences among licensed mental health providers and outline legal and ethical requirements for mental health providers.

Explain the significance of Wyatt v. Stickney (1972) and explain how the Wyatt Standards improved mental health codes and federal regulations regarding the treatment of mental disorders.

Investigate and describe the history of psychology from its beginning to the modern era, including key contributors to the field.*

Differentiate among various schools of thought and perspectives that have developed in psychology since 1879.*

Describe how modern psychologists utilize multiple perspectives to understand behavior and mental processes, citing examples.*

Describe methodologies, research tools, and strategies used by researchers in psychological studies.*

Contrast the roles of independent, dependent, and confounding variables and the functions of control and experimental groups within the scientific method.

Identify and explain systematic procedures necessary for conducting an experiment and improving the validity of results.*

Describe the role of the American Psychological Association in setting ethical guidelines regarding the use of human and animal subjects in psychological research.*

Describe various careers pursued by psychologists, including medical and mental health care fields, the business world, education, law and criminal justice, and research.*

Compare the effects of heredity and environment on development and behavior.*

Describe the structure, biochemistry, and circuitry of the brain and nervous system, and explain their roles in human behavior and mental processes.*

Describe communication between neurons and the electrochemical process, including the role of neurotransmitters in behavior.*

Explain the effect of neurotransmitters on human behavior and compare the effects of drugs and toxins on the brain.

Describe the specialized and interdependent functions of sections of the brain, including the lobes and hemispheres of the cerebral cortex.

Describe technologies used to study the brain and nervous system.*

Explain how psychoactive drugs affect people, including the mechanisms of addiction, tolerance, and withdrawal.

Explain how behavior genetics has contributed to the understanding of behavior and mental processes, including differentiating among deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), chromosomes, and genes and identifying effects of chromosomal abnormalities.

Describe the interconnected processes of sensation and perception.

Explain the role of sensory systems in human behavior.

Explain how perceiving can differ from sensing, including how attention and environmental cues can impact what is perceived and what is sensed.

Explain perception in terms of Gestalt principles and concepts.

Compare theories about the functions of sleep and of dreaming.

Describe cognitive, physical, and social development across the human lifespan, citing theories of Carol Gilligan, Erik H. Erikson, Jean Piaget, and Lawrence Kohlberg.

Biological Basis of Psychology

Clinical Psychology

Cognitive Psychology

Introduction to Psychology

Describe the development of sociology as a social science field of study.*

Explain the relationship between social stratification and social class, including status ascription versus achievement, intergenerational social mobility, and structural occupational change.*

Identify common patterns of social stratification in American society.

Analyze the impact of social stratification on groups and individuals.*

Explain why social movements form, and identify the factors that produce large-scale social change as a result of these movements.*

Compare and contrast the major theories of collective behavior, including contagion theory, convergence theory, and emergent norm theory.*

Describe how social movements, including the Civil Rights Movement, have created change throughout the history of the United States.

Explain the role of social institutions in fostering change and reinforcing stratification.*

Explain the contributions of important figures in the field of sociology, including Émile Durkheim, George Herbert Mead, Karl Marx, Max Weber, and W.E.B. Du Bois.*

Identify and explain tenets of sociology, including functional integration, power, social action, social structure, and culture.

Explain methods and tools of research used by sociologists.*

Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative research methods, giving examples of each.*

Explain the usefulness of discerning and sharing insights into human behavior of individuals and groups.*

Compare and contrast the three major sociological theories: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interaction.*

Apply the major sociological theories to a situation and evaluate the differences in interpretations.

Explain how values and norms influence individual behavior.*

Describe ways in which cultures differ, change, and resist change, including countercultures, subcultures, and ethnocentric beliefs.

Illustrate and explain key concepts and goals of socialization, including self-concept, looking-glass self, significant others, and role-taking.

Describe the major agents of socialization and evaluate the role that each one plays.*

Compare and contrast the phases of development in the human life cycle, including birth, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, parenthood, middle age, and late adulthood.*

Explain the value of utilizing birth cohorts as a research device.

Differentiate among primary, secondary, and adult socialization and identify the key influences of socialization for each stage.

Investigate and explain the impact of psychological theories that influence sociology, including Erikson’s Psychosocial Development, Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development, Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development, and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory.

Identify and describe human behaviors that deviate from social norms.*

Analyze deviance from each of the three sociological perspectives (interactionist, functional, and conflict).

Trace how society has reacted to deviant behaviors throughout history and explain the theoretical principles of punishment, including retributive, rehabilitative, and deterrent.*

Analyze how different types of social groups can influence individual and group behavior.*

Compare and contrast types of groups and the reasons for group formation.*

Trace the development of various types of social groups from hunter-gatherer societies to the present day and explain how the importance of primary and secondary groups has changed over time.

Explain the purpose of social systems and institutions, including governments, houses of worship, schools, and voluntary associations.

Compare how authority is perceived in legitimate power and coercive power leadership styles.*

Differentiate among Weber’s three types of authority (charismatic, rational-legal, and traditional) in respect to source of power and leadership style.*

Describe the structure and function of family units, including traditional, extended, nuclear, single-parent, and blended families, and describe the roles of parent, child, and spouse within each type.

Compare and contrast biological family with found or chosen family and develop an argument regarding why a person may select one over the other.

Groups and Socialization

Social Issues and Social Change

Sociology Overview

Self and Socialization