High School CTE Alabama Standards

Design a project portfolio that includes all project-related documentation.

Apply correct drafting techniques using computer-aided design (CAD) programs to produce plans, diagrams, and working drawings for the construction of models, prototypes, and final products.

Demonstrate the correct use and selection of tools, materials, procedures, and equipment in the construction of models, prototypes, and finished products.

Create a written technical report and a multimedia presentation for an engineering design problem, concept, or issue using industry recognized guidelines.

Demonstrate effective skills for seeking employment in a specific engineering pathway, including the attributes that contribute to a successful engineering career.

Explain professional, legal, and ethical responsibilities in the field of engineering, including the need for a diverse work force.

Design and Evaluation

Engineering Pathway

Project Proposal

Create a formal, narrative proposal for an engineering design brief.

Reserach

Conduct independent research related to a chosen engineering design brief.

Demonstrate the engineering design process, including defining the problem, developing and selecting solutions, constructing prototypes testing, evaluating and documenting results, and redesigning as needed.

Apply a standard experimental method to the evaluation process of a given engineering design.

Product and Process

Use technologies needed to perform job functions in the field of accounting.

Examples: accounting software, computer numeric keypad, spreadsheets, income tax software

Apply banking and cash control functions to checks, deposits, reconciliation, petty cash, online and electronic banking, and related journal entries.

Apply payroll functions to employee and employer records.

Examples: calculating gross pay and deductions, journalizing and posting tax and payroll entries

Demonstrate correct procedures for completing federal, state, and local income tax forms.

Interpret generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).

Examples: adequate disclosure, business entity

Demonstrate skills in communication, leadership, and teamwork.

Applying problem-solving and critical-thinking skills to resolve workplace conflict

Determine career and entrepreneurial opportunities, responsibilities, and education and credentialing requirements related to accounting professions.

Differentiate among sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation accounting operations as they relate to service and merchandising businesses.

Apply steps of the accounting cycle for service and merchandising businesses using manual and electronic methods.

Analyze the accounting equation for the purpose of relating it to the accounting cycle.

Examples: journalizing and posting transactions, reporting financial statements

Interpret data from a variety of financial statements, including verifying data for business reports and creating graphs and charts for accurate reporting.

Explain accounting functions of fixed assets and depreciation.

Utilize research results to analyze current accounting practices as they relate to service, manufacturing, and merchandising businesses.

Distinguish between ethical and unethical business decisions in the accounting profession.

Apply accounting procedures for calculating, journalizing, and posting entries related to bad debt.

Explain legal requirements for forming and dissolving various business organizations.

sole proprietorship, partnership, nonprofit organization

Apply cost accounting procedures to complete transactions and financial statements for a merchandising business.

Use cost accounting procedures to journalize entries for initial investment and for liquidation

Explain the voucher method as it relates to preparation and payment of accounts payable and expenses

Determine career and entrepreneurial opportunities, responsibilities, and education credentialing requirements related to specialized accounting professions.

Utilize research results to analyze current accounting issues for their impact on society

corporate mergers, interest rate fluctuations, unethical practices

Use accounting procedures related to the life cycle of fixed assets.

recording fixed assets, calculating depreciation and book value

Apply the Last In First Out (LIFO), First In First Out (FIFO), and weighted cost methods to estimate the cost of merchandise inventory.

Determine accounting procedures for calculating and recording interest and maturity dates for notes payable and notes receivable.

Utilize accounting procedures for recording the adjusting, closing, and reversing of entries for accrued revenues and expenses.

Demonstrate accounting procedures for paying dividends and acquiring additional capital.

Demonstrate accounting practices needed to complete financial statements, analyze cash flow, and critique projected budgets.

Apply analysis ratio to evaluate solvency and earning power

Critique accounting decisions for ethical considerations

Industrial Agricultural Technologies

Animal Science

Foods and Food Processing

Agribusiness Leadership

Technology Applications

Impact of Agriculture

Foundational Standards

Describe the impact of agricultural commodities on Alabama’s livestock industry, including feed, animal products, and by-products. Examples: legumes, cotton seed, grains

Describe the importance of animal biotechnology to humans, including medical, environmental, and production advancements. Examples: medical – synthesis of medicines environmental – animal disease resistance, pest control production – increased yield, disease-resistant ani

Gather and share information about ways scientific research, consumer preferences, and advances in biotechnology influence animal production and development.

Evaluate methods of disease prevention in livestock. Examples: parasite control, vaccination, sanitation

Identify drugs used to treat animal diseases.

Differentiate animal rights from animal welfare.

Describe responsible ownership of animals.

List ways the use of animals in research has benefited humans and animals.

Describe laws governing the use of animals for research.

Discuss the proper disposal of waste material associated with livestock. Examples: poultry litter, dead birds, composting materials

Identify various types of building materials.

Contrast hardwoods and softwoods including grades and markings.

Calculate a bill of materials, linear feet, and board feet.

Compare and contrast the uses of different fasteners and adhesives.

Differentiate among different building construction systems, including floor systems, wall systems, and ceiling and roofing systems.

Assess agriculture record keeping systems utilizing electronic record-keeping software. Example: Agriculture Experience Tracker (AET)

Compare and contrast various technologies that have enhanced the agriculture industry. Examples: microchipping, tagging, electronic control systems, drones, Global Positioning System (GPS), Geographic Information System (GIS)

Relate opportunities within the agriculture industry to the three-circle model. Examples: working toward FFA awards and degrees, participating in Career/ Leadership Development Events (CDEs) and Supervised Agriculture Experience (SAEs)

Explain criteria for identifying and determining the quality of meat products.

Distinguish among unique characteristics of prominent animal breeds. Examples: beef/dairy, swine, equine animals, goats, sheep, specialty animal breeds

Identify economically important specialty animals and animal products. Examples: animals—alligators, cashmere goats, quail, ratites, pheasants, bees; animal products—specialty meats, cheeses, emu oil

Compare various types of facilities and structures for domesticated animals.

Design appropriate handling facilities.

Demonstrate the proper construction of various types of fencing. Examples: barbed wire, wooden, electric slick fencing, poultry netting, hog netting/fencing

Explain the importance of constructing and maintaining farm ponds and farm pond ecosystems.

Identify anatomical and physiological characteristics of various livestock, including cattle, swine, sheep, equine animals, and poultry.

Compare methods of breeding and reproduction in livestock. Examples: artificial insemination (AI), embryo transplant; natural selection, cross-breeding, selective breeding

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements, and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Demonstrate digital literacy by using digital and electronic tools appropriately, safely, and ethically.

Participate in a Career Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Participate in Supervised Agricultural Experiences and/or work-based, experiential, and service learning.

Apply safety skills in television production field locations, classrooms, and studios.

Demonstrate leadership skills as a member of a television production team.

Examples: organizing content, managing equipment, performing assignment editing

Utilize public relations skills in special programs and project settings in television production.

Examples: interpersonal communications, correspondence, community relations

Apply specialized skills to perform television roles in writing, producing, performing, photographing, editing, and studio operations.

Examples: anchor, producer, actor, camera operator, editor, director

Organize subject matter into meaningful, marketable, and expressive video projects.

Examples: promotional videos, instructional videos, commercials

Design creative television and film productions, including short films and special presentations.

Utilizing video skills in a professional setting Examples: internships, freelance video work

Assemble a portfolio of professional quality video work, including a statement of purpose, for a career in television production.

Demonstrating advanced skills in one or more career specializations of photography, editing, writing, producing, performance, or studio operations Examples: short films, special presentations

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)

Weld Quality

Metal Cutting

Metal Preparation

Tools, Equipment, and Supplies

Impact of Metal Fabrication

Foundational Standards

Recount the history of metal fabrication and its impact on the construction industry.

Explain the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process.

Compare various types of welding electrodes used in Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). Examples: E6010, E6013, E7018

Demonstrate procedures for adjusting and operating the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) machine.

Identify types of welds. Examples: stringer, overlap, fillet

Identify various types of weld joints. Examples: butt, lap, corner, T

Contrast methods of striking an arc. Examples: scratching, tapping, weaving

Demonstrate proper techniques for flat, vertical, horizontal, and overhead welding.

Explain the proper use of metal fabrication tools and equipment. Examples: tools – cold chisel, file, drill, chipping hammer, grinder, tip cleaner, wire brush, tongs; equipment – welder, welding helmet, fuel valves, oxyfuel torches

Differentiate between ferrous and non-ferrous metals used in metal fabrication.

Demonstrate techniques of cleaning, stripping, grinding, and buffing metal for fabrication.

Prepare an oxyfuel unit for operation.

Explain the meaning of each safety color-code for oxyfuel tanks and hoses.

Explain the purpose of shaded lenses used in oxyfuel welding and cutting.

Check for cracks and leaks in oxyfuel hoses and regulators.

Perform safe welding and cutting operations with an oxy-acetylene torch.

Demonstrate procedures for using plasma arc cutting equipment.

Describe the plasma arc cutting process.

Identify components of plasma arc cutting equipment.

Cut metal with a plasma arc cutter.

Analyze weld imperfections to determine corrective measures.

Compare destructive and nondestructive weld-testing methods.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Demonstrate digital literacy by using digital and electronic tools appropriately, safely, and ethically.

Participate in a Career Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Participate in Supervised Agricultural Experiences and/or work-based, experiential, and service learning.

Technology Applications

Weld Applications and Quality

Tools, Supplies, and Equipment

Metal Structures

Foundational Standards

Interpret welding symbols used on blueprints.

Demonstrate the use of MIG, TIG, and FCAW welders.

Identify typical uses of various types of weld joints. Examples: butt, lap, corner, T

Adjust MIG, TIG, and FCAW machine settings for welding.

Utilize flat, vertical, horizontal, and overhead welding positions.

Demonstrate stringer, weave, overlap, and fillet welds used in MIG, TIG, and FCAW welding.

Explain the use of technology that enhances metal fabrication and how it improves the quality of the work. Examples: CNC torch, virtual welding

Explain the process of planning and estimating materials needed to complete a metal fabrication project.

Explain the importance of preparing metal for welding.

Demonstrate uses of tools and equipment in MIG, TIG, and FCAW welding. Examples: tools—cold chisel, file, drill, chipping hammer, metal vise grips, grinder, tip cleaner, wire brush, tongs; equipment—welding helmet, fuel valves, MIG welder, FCAW welder, TIG welder

Distinguish among ferrous and non-ferrous metals used in MIG, TIG, and FCAW welding.

Identify the various parts of MIG, TIG, and FCAW welding machines and explain the functions of each part.

Compare shades of lenses needed in MIG, TIG, and FCAW welding and explain when darker lenses are needed.

Examine MIG, TIG, and FCAW welds for imperfections.

Determine corrective measures to improve welds.

Explain weld testing methods.

Explain how tensile strength, polarity, and rate of travel affect weld quality.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements, and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Demonstrate digital literacy by using digital and electronic tools appropriately, safely, and ethically.

Participate in a Career Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Participate in Supervised Agricultural Experiences and/or work-based, experiential, and service learning.

Framing and Finishing

Welding

Power Equipment Technology

Agribusiness Leadership

Technology Applications

Impact of Agriculture

Foundational Standards

Explain the impact of agriculture on a selected county’s economy, utilizing National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) information.

Compare United States and world agricultural practices and policies.

Demonstrate the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process.

Explain welding electrical current.

Identify characteristics of welding power supplies.

Demonstrate how to set up a machine for welding.

Identify tools used for weld cleaning.

Compare and contrast various types of welding electrodes used in shielded metal arc welding (SMAW).

Investigate factors that affect electrode selection.

Select the proper electrode for a welding task.

Apply techniques for flat, vertical, horizontal, and overhead welding.

Demonstrate the setup of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) equipment.

Demonstrate methods of striking an arc.

Demonstrate stringer, weave, and overlapping welds.

Perform fillet welds in horizontal, vertical, and overhead positions.

Utilize power tools to construct and maintain systems within the agriculture industry. Examples: woodworking, plumbing, electrical

Demonstrate finishing techniques in a simulated workplace. Examples: prepping, staining, varnishing, painting

Employ an electronic record keeping platform to input and record agriculture data. Example: Agricultural Experience Tracker (AET)

Demonstrate a variety of technological applications used in the agriculture industry. Examples: Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC), electronic control systems, drones, Global Positioning System (GPS), Geographic Information System (GIS)

Apply the three-circle model to opportunities within agriscience education. Examples: working toward FFA awards and degrees, participating in Career/Leadership Development Events

Perform routine care and maintenance on engines.

Demonstrate preventive maintenance procedures used in checking and servicing hydraulic and pneumatic systems. Examples: changing fluids, changing filters, checking fluid levels, checking hoses

Describe the purpose of compliance controls on power equipment. Examples: engine kill switch, inertia brake control

Demonstrate the procedures for overhauling manual starters and for repairing electric starters.

Diagnose problems involving power equipment. Examples: cutting deck – loose belts; chain saw - loose chain; string trimmer – improper fuel mixture; tiller – spark plug

Explain and demonstrate safety techniques for using oxyfuel equipment, including setting up and shutting down, lighting and adjusting a torch, disassembling the equipment, changing cylinders, cutting straight-line and square shapes, and piercing and slot cutting.

Demonstrate plasma arc cutting processes. Examples: identifying, setting up, and storing equipment; cutting

Demonstrate techniques for preparing metal for fabrication. Examples: cleaning base metal, beveling, selecting joint design layout

Analyze weld imperfections to determine corrective measures.

Review codes governing welding.

Identify weld imperfections and explain causes.

Compare destructive and nondestructive examination practices.

Explain the importance of quality workmanship.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements, and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Demonstrate digital literacy by using digital and electronic tools appropriately, safely, and ethically.

Participate in a Career Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Participate in Supervised Agricultural Experiences and/or work-based, experiential, and service learning.

Genetic Innovations

Genetics and Cell Biology

Biochemistry

Laboratory Procedures and Technical Skills

Career Opportunities

Foundational Standards

Trace the history of biotechnology and the emergence of biotechnology careers.

Identify scientific fields related to biotechnology.

Explain cell theory, correlating key cellular components to functions.

Describe the interactions among cells, and between cells and their environment.

Construct models demonstrating the process of meiosis and the cell cycle, explaining the hereditary significance of each.

Distinguish between spermatogenesis and oogenesis, using charts or models to illustrate differences between them.

Contrast typical and atypical chromosome karyotypes.

Describe the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes, including transposons, introns, and exons.

Explain the significance of Mendel’s work in the development of the modern science of genetics, including the laws of segregation and independent assortment.

Describe and illustrate inheritance patterns based on gene interactions.

Predict patterns of heredity using pedigree analysis, including incomplete dominance, codominance, and multiple allelism.

Compare and contrast sex linkage, autosomal linkage, crossover, multiple alleles, and polygenes.

Model protein synthesis and explain the procedure, citing the central dogma of molecular biology.

Research and report on methods cells use to regulate gene expression and demonstrate their effect on protein synthesis.

Diagram and explain the replication of DNA and RNA viruses, including lytic and lysogenic cycles.

Research and report on factors that cause genetic mutations, including the effects of genetic variability on adaptations.

Describe how DNA mutations impact both individual organisms and populations.

Use a microscope to observe and record measurements and characteristics of specimens

Prepare slides for microscopic examination.

Explain how the Hardy-Weinberg principle provides a baseline for recognizing evolutionary changes in gene frequency due to genetic drift, gene flow, non-random mating, mutation, and natural selection.

Obtain, evaluate, and share information about applications of biotechnology in a variety of settings, including plant, animal, microbial, forensic, and marine environments.

Explain the development, purpose, findings, and applications of the Human Genome Project, and discuss ethical, social, and legal implications.

Identify and explain medical uses of gene therapy, including vaccines and tissue and antibody engineering.

Utilize computer bioinformatics resources to provide information regarding DNA, protein sequences, and human genetic diseases.

Use scientific notation, significant digits, and decimals when performing and recording laboratory calculations.

Adjust the pH of specific solutions with commonly used acids and bases, using a pH meter to verify results.

Explain the principle by which a pH meter works.

Perform polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a DNA sample, diagnose a disease, or isolate a pathogen.

Perform DNA extraction.

Demonstrate techniques used in working with recombinant DNA.

Maintain bacterial cultures, including preparing growth media and culturing microorganisms.

Explain concepts of molecular mass, mole, and formula weight.

Calculate molecular mass of specific molecules and the molarity of a solution.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Research and Scientific Method

Applied Mathematics in Biotechnology

Biological Systems

Biochemistry

Technical Skills and Applications

Biotechnology Industry

Career Opportunities

Foundational Standards

Outline the role of various departments in a biotechnology company, including research and development, quality assurance, quality control, and manufacturing.

Identify and describe the roles of regulatory agencies governing the manufacture and distribution of biotechnology-derived products.

Outline the processes of developing, manufacturing, and obtaining regulatory approval of biopharmaceuticals.

Research and implement safety and quality control standards specific to the biotechnology industry.

Explain the purpose of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), Good Clinical Practice (GCP), and Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP).

Explain how environmental monitoring is carried out in a controlled space.

Identify, analyze, and explain the roles of documentation utilized in CGMP-compliant industries.

Demonstrate current techniques used in biotechnology labs.

Differentiate among sterilization, decontamination, and disinfection; describe equipment and procedures for each; and explain when each process should be employed.

Demonstrate and explain methods of molecule and protein isolation, purification, and quantification using polyacrylamide gel.

Research and discuss methods of DNA isolation, purification, and quantification.

Use models to illustrate the transformation and transfection of organisms.

Model or utilize clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) in the lab setting to introduce genetic information into a genome.

Perform immunoassay using serial dilution.

Describe common stains used in the laboratory and explain when each is preferred.

Analyze and explain vital intracellular processes.

Compare and contrast types of chemical bonds within cells.

Model the structures and explain the functions of molecules and macromolecules.

Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Use enzymes to modify reaction rates in the laboratory setting.

Model the structure and describe the functions of proteins in an organism.

Map and explain the response of the immune system in the body, beginning with the identification of a foreign antigen.

Prepare laboratory solutions, buffers, and media, performing necessary calculations, including serial dilutions, dilution ratios, molarity, and dilution factor.

Calculate conversions within the metric system using scientific notation, significant digits, and decimals.

Calculate volume/volume (v/v) and weight/volume (w/v) of solutions.

Produce a graph by applying Beer’s Law to generate a standard curve, plot data, and interpret results.

Calculate bacterial transformation efficiency.

Record time-sensitive laboratory data using the 24-hour clock.

Demonstrate use of the scientific method to document and analyze the results of a laboratory procedure.

Outline the characteristics of good experimental design, including the proper use of controls.

Collect, record, analyze, and interpret data, including statistical analysis.

Outline various ways of communicating scientific research, including peer-reviewed journals, exhibitions, laboratory notebooks, and live or online presentations.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Ethics

Productivity

Database Management

Presentation Software

Spreadsheets

Desktop Publishing

Word Processing

Basic Computer

Foundational Standards

Utilize technology functions, including compressing files, converting files, importing files, exporting files, and transferring data among applications.

Compare hardware and software functions in word processing applications.

Save files in various formats including plain text and PDF in word processing applications.

Describe network computer functions including cloud-based applications.

Demonstrate electronic file management skills across local computers, networks, and the cloud.

Create, manage, and navigate through industry-appropriate worksheets in spreadsheet applications.

Identify, manage, and search cell data and apply text and number formatting using spreadsheet applications.

Apply and modify document style to cells and tables using spreadsheet applications.

Apply and manage view options using spreadsheet applications. Examples: hide/unhide worksheets, freeze pane, split window, zoom

Utilize formulas, functions, and fill to perform mathematical processes in spreadsheet applications, including percentages and decimals, order of operations, estimation, and prediction of patterns of data.

Identify relative and absolute cell references in spreadsheet applications.

Create and edit charts and graphs, and customize chart elements.

Examine spreadsheet data through sorting and filters.

Formulate and produce a variety of business documents using spreadsheet applications. Examples: budgets, payroll, inventory, invoices, balance sheets, profit-loss statements, conversion of foreign currencies

Create and manage industry-appropriate slideshows using presentation software.

Apply suitable design elements for professional business presentations.

Edit and customize master slide options in presentations.

Apply custom animation effects and transitions in presentations.

Insert and edit objects in presentations.

Insert hyperlinks and action buttons in presentations.

Create and deliver well-organized, audience-appropriate presentations for a variety of business situations. Examples: informative, instructional, entertainment

Create and manage data using basic database applications.

Explain the purpose and composition of databases and database management systems, using professional terminology to describe features and components. Examples: field, record, queri

Create and edit fields within a database.

Utilize basic database functions. Examples: sorting, filtering, querying, merging data

Print and review reports within a database.

Create tables, forms, reports, and queries for business and personal use, utilizing database software.

Use technology to increase administrative office productivity and enhance workplace performance.

Access, process, and transmit information through various channels. Examples: fax, email, teleconferencing, virtual meetings

Perform integrated functions using various software applications.

Explore the business applications of digital technology on the Internet.

Use cloud computing to improve productivity by designing, saving, and uploading documents in an online account.

Use online collaboration tools. Examples: calendar, document and presentation sharing

Explore the benefits of social networking as a business tool, including professional portfolios and blogs, considering privacy settings and safety issues.

Explain the personal and business use of apps on digital devices.

Demonstrate ways to modify documents to be more accessible to people with disabilities. Examples: large print/font, use heading styles, alternative text for images, utilize Accessibility Checker, use sufficient contrast for text and background colors, add meaningful hyperlink text and screen tips

Describe the importance of professional ethics and legal responsibilities in the workplace.

Evaluate and justify decisions based on ethical reasoning.

Identify and explain personal and long-term consequences of unethical or illegal behaviors in the workplace.

Evaluate components of acceptable use policies, codes of ethics, and their role in a business environment.

Diagnose problems relating to technology systems, including network systems, hardware, and software.

Demonstrate basic computer and printer preventative maintenance.

Determine strategies to correct malfunctioning network systems, hardware, and software.

Create, manage, and navigate through a variety of business- and industry-appropriate documents using various data input techniques in word processing applications. Examples: keyboarding, voice recognition, handwriting recognition, scanning

Apply basic editing and formatting tools to text within a document in word processing applications.

Apply document themes and style sets in word processing applications.

Format and edit paragraphs using options in word processing applications.

Create and modify a table within a document and apply table styles.

Create and modify lists using formatting to enhance document style.

Create and manage reference markers including footnotes, endnotes, captions, and citations.

Insert graphic objects within a document and apply formatting to those graphics.

Produce and edit business documents using word processing technology, including business letters, research papers, and reports that include title or cover page, headings, table of contents, page numbers, headers, footers, in-text citations, footnotes, and endnotes.

Create, edit, and share documents using online word processing technologies.

Utilize the desktop publishing process to apply design principles to publications.

Import and manipulate objects, images, shapes, and text in publications.

Generate a variety of business publications, with and without templates, using desktop publishing software. Examples: newsletters, flyers, invitations, business cards, brochures, catalogs, letterheads, informational forms, greeting cards, calendars

Prepare publications for printing and sharing.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements, and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Discuss and demonstrate ways to value diversity.

Productivity

Database Management

Spreadsheets

Word Processing

Foundational Standards

Manage advanced word processing document options and settings.

Manage templates, macros, and multiple documents using word processing software.

Prepare documents for collaboration using editing functions and protecting documents using passwords.

Use language-specific features, configure editing, and display languages to set language options.

Create and manage database forms.

Create and save forms and create a form from a template with application parts.

Configure form controls by moving, adding, and removing form controls; modifying data sources; setting form control properties; managing labels; and adding subforms.

Format forms using modify tab order; configure print settings; sort records by form field; apply a theme; control form positioning; and insert backgrounds, headers, footers, and images.

Create database reports .

Create reports based on query or table, in design view, and using a wizard.

Configure report controls by group and sort fields, modify data sources, add report controls, and add and modify labels.

Format reports using multiple columns, add calculated fields, control report positioning, format report elements, change report orientation, insert header and footer information, insert images, and apply a theme.

Utilize digital technology applications on the Internet for business, personal, and educational uses.

Present a digital portfolio encompassing all programs used during the course. Examples: website, b

Collaborate using cloud computing by designing, saving, uploading, and sharing documents, presentations, and calendars in an online account. Example: cloud-based filing repositories

Utilize social networking as a business tool to create professional portfolios and blogs.

Devise and apply methods of modifying documents to be more accessible to people with disabilities. Examples: use headings, lists, meaningful hyperlinks, alternate text for images, tables; identify document language

Utilize advanced word processing editing and formatting features.

Perform advanced editing and formatting with word processing software. Examples: wildcards to replace special characters, formatting, styles, paste options

Configure paragraph layout options. Examples: hyphenation, line numbers, pagination options

Create and modify paragraph and character styles using word processing software.

Create custom document elements using advanced word processing software.

Mark, create, and update index entries software, including tables of contents, captions, and tables of figures.

Create and manage document building blocks.

Create custom design elements. Examples: color sets, font sets, themes, style sets

Create and manage tables of figures using captions and configuring caption properties.

Create and modify advanced word processing features.

Manage forms by adding custom fields, modifying field properties, and inserting and configuring standard content controls.

Create and modify macros. Examples: Record, name, and edit simple macros. Copy macros to other documents or templates.

Create mail merged documents, labels, and envelopes using recipient lists and merged fields.

Manage workbook options and settings.

Manage workbooks using advanced features including save as template, copy macros, and reference data from other spreadsheets.

Manage workbook review in word processing software, including restrict editing, protect, encrypt with password, configure formula calculation options, manage workbook versions, and protect workbook structure features.

Apply custom data formats, layouts, and validation to workbooks.

Apply advanced conditional formatting and filtering to workbooks using spreadsheet software.

Create and modify custom workbook elements using spreadsheet software.

Prepare a workbook for internationalization, modifying currency, text, and other elements as needed, using spreadsheet software.

Create advanced workbook formulas using spreadsheet software.

Apply functions in formulas by performing logical operations including AND, OR, NOT, and nested functions and statistical operations including SUMIFS, AVERAGEIFS, and COUNTIFS functions in spreadsheet software.

Look up data by using functions VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, MATCH, and INDEX with spreadsheet software.

Apply advanced date and time functions including NOW and TODAY functions and serializing numbers using spreadsheet software.

Use financial functions of spreadsheet software to perform data analysis and business intelligence including import, transform, combine, display, connect, and consolidate data; perform what-if analysis; use cube functions; and calculate data.

Troubleshoot formulas by utilizing trace precedence and dependence, monitor cells and formulas, validate formulas by using error checking, and evaluate formulas.

Define and manage named ranges and objects by name cells, data ranges, and tables.

Create advanced charts and tables with workbook data in spreadsheet software.

Add trendlines to charts and create dual-axis charts.

Create and modify pivot tables by changing field selections and options, creating slicers, grouping data, adding calculated fields, and formatting data.

Create and modify pivot charts by manipulating options in existing charts, applying styles, and drilling down into details, using spreadsheet software.

Build tables using database software.

Import data into tables and from other databases, create linked tables from external sources, and create a table from a template with application parts.

Customize tables by hiding fields, adding total rows and descriptions, and renaming tables.

Manage records in tables by updating, adding, deleting, sorting, and filtering records, appending records from external data, and finding and replacing data.

Create and modify fields using add and delete fields; add validation rules; change field captions, sizes, and data types; configure fields to auto-increment; set default values; and use input masks.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements, and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Discuss and demonstrate ways to value diversity.

Leadership

Research and Presentation

Occupational Expertise

Foundational Standards

Demonstrate expertise in a specific occupation within the Education and Training cluster.

Meet benchmarks selected by the instructor from the appropriate curriculum frameworks, based upon the individual student’s assessed needs.

Conduct investigative research on a selected topic related to education and training using approved research methodology, interpret findings, and prepare a presentation to defend results.

Select an investigative study based on research and prior knowledge.

Collect, organize, and analyze data accurately and precisely.

Design procedures to test the research.

Report, display, and defend the results of investigations to audiences that may include professionals and technical experts.

Demonstrate higher order critical thinking and reasoning skills appropriate for a career in education and training.

Use mathematical and/or scientific skills to solve problems encountered in the chosen occupation.

Locate, evaluate, and interpret information related to the chosen occupation in oral, print, and digital formats.

Analyze and apply data and/or measurements to solve problems and interpret documents.

Construct charts, tables, or graphs using functions and data.

Apply leadership and professional career skills needed in education and training careers.

Develop and deliver a professional presentation offering potential solutions to a current issue.

Demonstrate leadership and career skills in job placement, job shadowing, entrepreneurship, or internship, or by obtaining an industry-recognized credential of value.

Participate in leadership development opportunities available through FCCLA and/or professional organizations in the education and training field.

Demonstrate written and oral communication skills through presentations, public speaking, live or virtual interviews, and/or an employment portfolio.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Leadership

Research and Presentation

Occupational Expertise

Foundational Standards

Demonstrate expertise in a specific occupation within the Health Science cluster.

Meet benchmarks selected by the instructor from the appropriate curriculum frameworks, based upon the individual student’s assessed needs.

Conduct investigative research on a selected topic related to health science using approved research methodology, interpret findings, and prepare a presentation to defend results.

Select an investigative study based on research and prior knowledge.

Collect, organize, and analyze data accurately and precisely.

Report, display, and defend the results of investigations to audiences that may include professionals and technical experts.

Demonstrate higher order critical thinking and reasoning skills appropriate for a career in health science.

Use mathematical and/or scientific skills to solve problems encountered in the chosen occupation.

Locate, evaluate, and interpret information related to the chosen occupation in oral, print, and digital formats.

Analyze and apply data and/or measurements to solve problems and interpret documents.

Construct charts, tables, or graphs using functions and data.

Apply leadership and professional career skills needed in health science careers.

Develop and deliver a professional presentation offering potential solutions to a current issue.

Demonstrate leadership and career skills in job placement, job shadowing, entrepreneurship, or internship, or by obtaining an industry-recognized credential of value.

Participate in leadership development opportunities available through HOSA–Future Health Professionals and/or professional organizations in the health science field.

Demonstrate written and oral communication skills through presentations, public speaking, live or virtual interviews, and/or an employment portfolio.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Portfolio

Presentation

Project Report

Research

Project Proposal

Foundational Standards

Create a formal, narrative proposal that communicates a specific concept, creates a process, or develops a product related to education and training.

Conduct and record independent research related to the selected education and training project.

Write a detailed report on the chosen education and training project, following established conventions for format, grammar, and usage.

Produce an original multimedia presentation based upon career pathway project research and results.

Design and create a project portfolio that documents all components of the education and training pathway project and demonstrates the validity of the process.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Portfolio

Presentation

Project Report

Research

Project Proposal

Foundational Standards

Create a formal, narrative proposal that communicates a specific concept, creates a process, or develops a product related to health science.

Conduct independent research related to the selected health science project.

Write a detailed report on the chosen health science project, following established conventions for format, grammar, usage, and citation of sources.

Produce an original multimedia presentation based upon career pathway project research and results.

Design and create a portfolio that documents all components of the health science pathway project and demonstrates the validity of the research process.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Work-Based Learning

International Education

Athletics

Specialized Personnel

Administrators

Special Populations Careers

Teachers

Foundational Standards

Compare and contrast the requirements, roles, and responsibilities of classroom teachers in various fields and age groups, including certification requirements.

Explore and report on the requirements, roles, and responsibilities of persons involved with physical education and sports.

Investigate international education practices and compare them to traditional American education practices

Explore and report on career opportunities for working internationally in the education field.

Complete and document an extended job shadowing experience in a school setting.

Develop a report on the job shadowing experience.

Create and deliver a presentation summarizing insights about educational practices and activities, connecting requirements, roles, and responsibilities to observations made during in-person or virtual visits or job shadowing.

Formulate questions and conduct interviews to obtain information, and answer interview questions succinctly and coherently.

Explore and report on the requirements, roles, and responsibilities of various certified personnel, other than classroom teachers.

Research and describe types of school environments.

Describe leadership opportunities in which teachers may be involved outside the classroom.

Explore and report on the requirements, roles, and responsibilities of careers serving special populations.

Explore and report on the job requirements, roles, and responsibilities of administrators at various levels of education.

Describe the issues and concerns usually handled by administrators.

Examine the roles of auxiliary support personnel to determine their requirements and responsibilities in education settings.

Compare and contrast the requirements, roles, and responsibilities of school counselors and social workers.

Explore and report on the requirements, roles, and responsibilities of specialized careers in educational settings.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Advocacy

Leadership

Professionalism

General Communication

Foundational Standards

Explain the purposes of communication in various contexts.

Use consistent, neutral, unambiguous tone, language, and timing when communicating with stakeholders.

Summarize local school board social media policy for employees and discuss the importance of aligning communication with the board’s requirements.

Research and model parent/teacher conference techniques.

Describe the legal requirements for maintaining confidentiality and safeguarding information.

Identify and practice professional behaviors in the work environment.

Outline the characteristics and habits of an effective leader.

Research and report on the effects of various motivational methods promoting positive workplace culture.

Analyze effective leadership styles and summarize his or her own style.

Plan and model meetings which incorporate goal-setting, strategic planning, documentation, debriefing, and assigning responsibility for follow-up tasks.

Utilize parliamentary procedures to conduct a meeting.

Explain the differences between nonverbal and verbal communication and demonstrate examples of each type.

Research the role of advocates and explain how advocacy affects the development of public policy.

Describe the processes used by individuals and groups to advocate for change.

Research and describe areas within education which are in need of policy change.

Create and publicize a plan advocating for a position on a selected issue, utilizing leadership and communication skills.

Identify organizational, physical, physiological, linguistic, cultural, psychological, and technical barriers to communication, providing examples of each type.

Demonstrate professionalism and respect for a speaker through facial expressions, posture, movements, and gestures.

Compare and contrast professional attire across education professions.

Compare and contrast the physical space, physical greetings, and interactions which create a safe and inclusive environment for different ages and settings.

Model speech to meet the needs of a variety of audiences and contexts, including the use of standard grammar, pronunciation, appropriate tone, and pitch.

Utilize active listening skills, including asking open-ended and probing questions, requesting clarification, paraphrasing, providing feedback, and developing conclusions.

Produce written documents and electronic communications for stakeholders, utilizing appropriate formality, standard grammar and formatting, clarity, and tone for a variety of purposes and audiences.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Health Technology

Diagnostic Skills

Communication

Diseases and Disorders

Anatomy

Medical Mathematics

Legal and Ethical Issues

Diagnostic Careers

Foundational Standards

Compare roles and responsibilities of professionals in various diagnostic service careers.

Explain procedures utilized in diagnostic services and describe the equipment and supplies needed for each one.

Demonstrate skills necessary for specified diagnostic careers.

Demonstrate safe use of health technology in specified diagnostic service settings.

Research and utilize billing codes to document diagnostic procedures.

Analyze responsibilities and limitations set forth in criminal and civil healthcare laws and explain their implications for workers in diagnostic services careers.

Review and report on federal legislation regarding healthcare practices and their effects on patient care procedures in diagnostic services.

Analyze healthcare-related ethical issues and their implications for respecting patients’ cultural, social, and ethnic differences in delivering diagnostic services.

Demonstrate respectful and empathetic treatment of all patients, clients, and families encountered in diagnostic service settings.

Demonstrate proficiency in making and recording calculations commonly used in healthcare settings.

Interpret charts, graphs, tables, and diagrams used in diagnostic careers, including vital signs graphic sheet, body mass index (BMI) graph, and lab result analysis sheet.

Relate specific body systems, including gross organ structures and general functions, to diagnostic healthcare skills.

Describe the etiology, pathology, and diagnosis of diseases and disorders that are commonly encountered by diagnostic service professionals.

Utilize effective therapeutic communication with patients and families in diagnostic service settings.

Create documentation according to facility policy and industry standards, including records of the administration and results of diagnostic tests.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Ethics/Copyright

Web Design

Video Production

Graphic Design

Digital Photography

Hardware and Software

Compare and contrast types of multimedia design, including desktop publishing, graphic design, web page design, digital photography, animation, and digital video.

Describe components of digital design, including text, images, animation, audio, and video.

Explain how creativity and technical skills can be utilized to create multimedia projects.

Use precision software tools to manipulate images. Examples: deleting, moving, rotating, setting custom alignment guides, extracting, applying filters

Apply integration principles to import scanned, digitized graphics and text, tables, charts, and pictures into a publication.

Demonstrate the process of pre-production when creating videos.

Utilize basic storytelling principles.

Create a storyboard.

Organize and plan a production including shot list, shoot schedule, and crew and cast responsibilities.

Identify and demonstrate effective use of a variety of shots, movements, and angles. Examples: wide/long, medium, close up, extreme close up, cutaway, over the shoulder, arc, point of view, pan, tilt, zoom, eye level, bird’s eye, worm’s eye

Apply proper transitions, edits, titles, effects, and media to create videos for various purposes. Examples: promotional videos, documentaries, product videos, training videos, social media videos

Compare and contrast elements and purposes of websites, web pages, and web browsers. Examples: web elements, including hypertext markup language (HTML) tags, headings, and body

Develop interactive web pages and sites using a variety of component formats, including HTML, HTML editors, and web authoring programs. Examples: guest book, forms, hit counter, marquees, hover button, transition, banner advertisements, navigational schemes

Determine and apply the appropriate format for digital files for different needs. Examples: Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), Portable Network Graphics (PNG), Music Player 3 (MP3), Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)

Manipulate digital image file sizing. Example: Optimize the resolution for web and print publications.

Summarize laws governing copyright, intellectual property, and software licensing as they relate to multimedia design. Examples: font usage, photography, illustration, audio and video rights

Describe the process of obtaining permission to use copyrighted materials.

Use a variety of hardware to digitize information in various formats, including digital camera, video camera, scanner, and mobile devices.

Utilize a variety of software and equipment to create, modify, and enhance multimedia projects.

Perform basic computer functions as they apply to the multimedia design industry.

Explain how the file storage capacity of media storage devices is affected by the resolution of photographs and other factors.

Utilize file system folders, online file management services, and naming conventions to organize and back up files.

Demonstrate appropriate use of digital photography equipment and techniques.

Utilize various photo composition techniques. Examples: lighting, perspective, candid vs. posed, rule of thirds

Transfer still shot images from equipment to the computer.

Utilize photo editing software to edit and enhance digital photographs. Examples: cropping, scaling, brightness/contrast, saturation, levels, hue/color balance, feathering, masking, layering

Demonstrate design techniques using graphic design software. Examples: selecting, resizing, and manipulating images; changing resolutions; rastering; correcting color; creating images

Apply the design process to digital media.

Demonstrate the process of planning a digital document.

Utilize the elements of design (line, shape, form, texture, pattern, color, value, and space) when creating digital media products.

Demonstrate the principles of design (contrast, repetition, balance, movement, emphasis, harmony, proportion, and unity) when creating digital media projects.

Demonstrate the effective use of color in digital media.

Identify and apply the principles of typography.

Describe typeface classifications and their uses, including serif, sans-serif, script, and decorative.

Identify the anatomy of typography including serif, ascender, descender, x height, counter, baseline, and cap height.

Identify and apply typography elements including typeface, style, contrast, color, font size, leading, kerning, tracking, alignment, and white space.

Program Management

Professionalism

Observation and Assessment

Classroom Practices

Learning Environment

Health and Safety

Human Development

Foundational Standards

Explain the principles of child growth, development, and learning, using developmental theory.

Create a classroom management plan for an early childhood education program, using current research on developmentally appropriate classroom management strategies.

Utilize positive, developmentally appropriate techniques to guide young children’s behavior and redirect disruptions.

Design developmentally appropriate lesson plans for an early childhood education program with modifications to accommodate diversities of culture and learning styles.

Critique evidence-based instructional strategies used in teaching young children, including small-group and whole-group instruction.

Create developmentally appropriate teaching aids for early childhood education programs and predict their impact on student learning.

Utilize technology to manage, organize, and teach in an early childhood education program.

Describe successful classroom practices and areas needing further growth, based on observations made during internship experiences.

Identify early childhood observation tools and their purposes in the classroom.

Utilize an age-appropriate observation tool in a classroom setting to record and assess children’s developmental milestones.

Analyze data collected from observation tools to monitor student progress and guide future instruction.

Compare and contrast current trends in brain-based learning research and child development theories.

Identify professional associations for early childhood educators and describe their contributions to teaching.

Compare and contrast strategies for ongoing communication with parents/guardians regarding the child’s development.

Summarize local and state requirements for reporting suspected child abuse or neglect.

Describe the roles and responsibilities of an early childhood program director.

Analyze the financial needs and responsibilities of early childhood education programs.

Review literature and present information on circumstances and factors before, during, and/or after birth that contribute to a child’s risk of developmental delays.

Describe strategies to address developmental delays, including speech, cognitive, social, and motor skill delays.

Identify agencies that locate children with developmental delays and describe the assistance they provide to children and families.

Review literature and present information on the nutritional needs of young children at various stages of development.

Plan nutritious and age-appropriate snacks and meals for children, considering choking hazards and possible allergies.

Explain procedures for establishing and maintaining a safe, clean, and healthy learning environment for children.

Demonstrate health and safety procedures for a specific activity within an early childhood education program.

Design an early childhood education facility with appropriate furnishings, equipment, technology, and supplies, following standards set by state and national regulatory bodies and industry.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Program Management

Working with Caregivers and Families

Social and Emotional Development and Guidance

Physical and Intellectual Development

Health and Safety

Foundational Standards

Plan a safe learning environment which will prevent and reduce injuries for infants, toddlers, and adults, including appropriate storage of all supplies and medicines.

Create a plan incorporating a variety of developmentally appropriate equipment, learning experiences, and teaching strategies to promote the fine motor and gross motor development of infants and toddlers.

Plan activities and opportunities that encourage curiosity, exploration, discovery, hands-on experiences, thinking, and problem-solving skills appropriate to the developmental levels of infants and toddlers.

Generate an annotated bibliography of developmentally appropriate books which promote early literacy skills and encourage learning and exploration.

Select developmentally appropriate activities that promote language development and writing skills for infants and toddlers, giving reasons for each choice.

Summarize best practices for promoting the cognitive development of infants and toddlers.

Compare and contrast methods of verbal and nonverbal communication.

Explain the role of communication in developing relationships and regulating emotions.

Create activities to support the social and emotional development of dual language learners and children with exceptional needs.

Locate information and opportunities to help parents/guardians understand and enhance the healthy growth and development of their children.

Generate a guide to social services, health, and educational resources in the community.

Create well-planned and well-organized emergency procedures as defined by the Council for Professional Recognition in its CDA® training materials.

Compare and contrast instruments utilized for the observation, evaluation, and documentation of an infant or toddler’s developmental level and educational progress.

Explain regulatory requirements and program policies for infant and toddler care settings, including mandated reporting requirements related to abuse and neglect.

Select documents to record the health, safety, and behavior of children.

Produce a competency statement on the importance of professionalism and a plan for implementing professional behavior in a child care career.

Locate opportunities for professional and personal development afforded by professional organizations, professional development meetings, training courses, and conferences.

Create a set of age-appropriate safety practices for an infant and toddler program.

Design safe, nutritious menus for infants and toddlers, following recognized nutrition guidelines and avoiding choking hazards and allergens.

Complete CPR/First Aid or Basic Life Support certification.

Design an environment for infants and toddlers that promotes good health, nutrition, and prevention of illness.

Design activities that teach the importance of and strategies for promoting good health in young children and their families.

Design a developmentally appropriate, enjoyable, secure, stimulating, and welcoming environment that fosters trust and encourages play, exploration, and learning.

Create a philosophy for an early childhood education program, utilizing dominant educational theories to justify positions.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Professional Practice

Instructional Practice

Foundational Standards

Create classroom expectations and procedures, based on observations, for the beginning and ending of the school year. Examples: classroom set-up, transition procedures, assignment submission, bulletin boards, end-of-year checklists, student documentation files

Develop communication tools for interaction with learners’ families. Examples: parent/guardian newsletter, emails, script for telephone calls, flyers

Complete training approved by the Alabama Department of Human Resources for prevention of child abuse and neglect, including reporting procedures and prevention strategies.

Compile a comprehensive portfolio based on internship experiences, including documentation of completed internship hours. Examples: philosophy of education, unit plans, instructional resources, reflections, work samples, training certificates

Develop a collaborative relationship with a cooperating professional.

Provide small group or individual instruction.

Design and teach developmentally appropriate units of instruction.

Create a classroom management plan which incorporates a variety of procedures, based on observations. Examples: classroom rewards system, classroom call-outs, preventive measures, redirection, positive and negative consequences

Research and report on the impact of the learning environment on all learners.

Utilize professional presentation skills. Examples: preparation, poise, self-confidence, initiative, enthusiasm

Demonstrate positive, professional interactions with community stakeholders and members of the learning community, including students, teachers, administrators, and paraprofessionals.

Identify and describe strategies for establishing positive, responsive relationships with children’s families.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Emergency Medical Skills

Anatomy

Legal and Ethical Issues

Safety

Communication Skills

The Emergency Medical Services (EMS) System

Foundational Standards

Compare and contrast a variety of certification and cross-training opportunities in emergency medical services.

Interpret legal issues that impact the EMS responder and indicate whether each issue involves civil, criminal, or contractual law, including negligence laws, patient abandonment laws, consent and refusal laws, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), Good Samaritan laws, and duty to act.

Describe the purpose of advance directives including living wills, do-not-resuscitate orders, medical power of attorney, and healthcare surrogate in emergency patient care.

Explain the ethical and moral obligations of the EMS responder.

Describe the structure and function of human body systems and explain how emergency medical procedures can substitute for or improve upon certain bodily functions in emergency situations.

Perform basic skills in emergency medicine.

Describe advanced skills performed in emergency medical settings.

List and describe the purpose of medications, treatments, or therapies commonly used in emergency situations.

Summarize EMS roles within the broader healthcare system.

Compare and contrast the emergency response roles of EMS, firefighters, and law enforcement personnel.

Describe how EMS, firefighters, and law enforcement personnel operate individually and as a team in an emergency setting according to the Incident Command Structure.

Explain the role EMS plays in the mass casualty triage process.

Demonstrate effective communication among medical and emergency personnel who are on the scene and at other locations.

Use therapeutic communication with patients and caregivers of diverse backgrounds.

Complete and organize medical documentation, using effective technical writing skills.

Examine an emergency scene to identify dangerous materials and maintain situational awareness to notice threats, hazards, and dangerous conditions throughout the emergency.

Explain the importance of emotional, psychological, and physical well-being and stress management for the EMS provider.

Demonstrate best practices used by emergency medical personnel for infection control in a variety of environments.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Clothing, Textiles, and Design

Food and Nutrition

Interpersonal Relationships and Communication

Human Development and Family Studies

Housing and Property Management

Consumer and Family Resources

Financial Literacy and Consumer Advocacy

Foundational Standards

Investigate and report on consumer issues and activities. Example: purchasing a home, saving, retirement, credit, tax preparation, credit counseling

Compare and contrast types of housing. Examples: single-family dwellings, condominiums, apartments

Compare and contrast methods of securing and financing housing.

Examples: mortgages, leases; advantages and disadvantages of renting and owning a home

Identify maintenance and safety issues facing property managers and homeowners and summarize measures to resolve them. Examples: Presence of carbon monoxide, ADA accessibility, insurance requirements; smoke detectors, radon detectors

Outline opportunities for entrepreneurial endeavors within the housing industry. Examples: real estate sales, home renovations, home staging services.

Compare and contrast diverse family units, including blended families, multi-generational households, single-parent households, and two-parent households.

Summarize the stages of the family life cycle and describe the choices and responsibilities that individuals encounter in each stage.

Summarize the characteristics of high-quality caregivers that family members may need across the lifespan. Examples: dependable, respectful, qualified, trustworthy

Demonstrate teamwork and leadership skills in the family, workplace, and community. Examples: participating in an FCCLA National Program or competing in an FCCLA STAR Event

Describe and demonstrate skills for building, developing, and maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships. Examples: communication and conflict resolution skills, the role of digital media in interpersonal communication, setting boundaries, recognizing the signs of abuse

Discuss teen violence, identifying its underlying issues and means of prevention. Examples: bullying, child abuse, dating violence, suicide

Describe stress management strategies for school, work, family, and community settings.

Develop a financial plan for an individual based on resources and financial goals.

Compare and contrast workplace norms across professions, cultures, and business types. Examples: dress code, time management, deadlines, chain of command, project management

Plan basic menus that meet nutrition and wellness needs across the lifespan in accordance with current dietary guidelines.

Prepare a variety of foods, using safe practices for food handling and sanitation. Examples: a snack an entree, a salad, a dessert, a vegetable

Demonstrate appropriate etiquette for a variety of settings and situations. Examples: table settings and customs; business lunches, social occasions, formal dining

Describe the roles and functions of food professionals, including dieticians, food technologists, food product developers, and restaurateurs.

Identify the elements and principles of design and explain their role in human environments, including their use in apparel and housing.

Apply the elements and principles of design to product merchandising and marketing. Examples: Design a store window for retail merchandising. Create social media marketing for a boutique.

Create a design for a product in the clothing, textiles, or housing industry, using the elements and principles of design.

Demonstrate the selection and placement of furniture, equipment, and home accessories to meet individual or family needs.

Demonstrate skills for constructing and caring for apparel or textiles. Examples: basic maintenance and repair, alteration techniques, hand sewing, machine sewing, knitting, crocheting, draping, creating patterns, laundering, storing

Describe the cycle of design trends in housing and apparel. Examples: color patterns and palettes

Describe the roles and functions of professionals in the design industry. Examples: visual merchandisers, souring agents, product developers, home stagers, interior designers, interior decorators, and textile manufacturers.

Describe the functions of financial planners, consumer specialists, and financial counselors.

Compare and contrast advertising techniques and explain how they influence consumer behavior.

Investigate and report on the activities and efficacy of agencies that provide consumer protection.

Compare and contrast resources and support systems for individuals, families, and consumers. Examples: food banks, nonprofit organizations, public health systems

Outline the functions of family and community service professionals. Examples: social workers, child life specialists, family life educators, extension agents, mental health counselors

Investigate and report on public policies that affect families and consumers. Examples: Family Medical Leave Act, Earned Income Tax Credit, education policies, and public health policies such as smoke-free spaces.

Explain how housing needs for individuals and families change across the lifespan.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Microbiological Analysis

Food Grading

Control of Microorganisms in Foods

Food Immunology

Food Fermentation

Food Virology and Microbial Spoilage of Foods

Introduction to Microbes in Food

Foundational Standards

Compare and contrast early developments in food microbiology to current practices.

Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about how a host responds to food-borne viral and microbial infections.

Classify foods based on their perishability and risk level to public health, considering their acidity and water activity.

Use computer and mathematical modeling to estimate microbial growth in food products.

Use principles of fermentation to create fermented food products.

Identify and analyze microorganisms in fermented foods.

Formulate an explanation of the immunology of food-related allergies, intolerances, and hypersensitivities.

Identify and communicate the role of foods in regulating host immune response, cancer immunology, and immunodeficiency diseases.

Select and use appropriate methods of sanitation, heat treatment, irradiation, modified atmosphere, antimicrobial preservative, and combinations of methods (hurdle concept) to control microbial growth in food products, explaining the principles underlying each method.

Develop and use a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan.

Grade meat and produce according to guidelines published by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).

Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the positive and negative effects of microorganisms on food products and their implications for the food processing industry.

Apply the principles of sampling and sample preparation in microbiological analysis.

Assess microbial activity in foods by qualitative and quantitative microbiological analyses.

Formulate evidence-based solutions to American and global food safety concerns.

Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to explain how bacteria, yeasts, and molds are classified, using taxonomic classification and scientific nomenclature.

Using basic concepts of food virology, engage in an argument to justify the grouping of viruses in a category separate from living things.

Use models to compare and contrast the structures of microorganisms in foods.

Identify types of viruses, bacteria, yeasts, and molds in food processing; compare and contrast their characteristics and behavior in a variety of food products. Examples: microbial spoilage of meat, eggs, milk, seafood, vegetables, fruits, and grains and products made from them

Identify specific microorganisms which may cause food spoilage during preparation, processing, and storage.

Formulate an evidence-based explanation of methods to control food- and water-borne microorganisms in high risk foods.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements, and demonstrate jobseeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Demonstrate digital literacy by using digital and electronic tools appropriately, safely, and ethically.

Participate in a Career Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Participate in Supervised Agricultural Experiences and/or work-based, experiential, and service learning

Introduction to Forensic Science

Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to describe the role of forensic science and evidence collection from historical cases in the criminal justice system.

Apprise the different types of forensic science laboratories and professional organizations.

Apply concepts of the scientific method to forensic science and to crime scene investigations.

Physical Evidence

Classify physical evidence based on how it is produced.

Plan and carry out an investigation to determine the value of physical and trace evidence.

Use models for the evaluation of handwriting and document evidence.

Construct explanations from collections of evidence, using various pathological and anthropological techniques.

Develop and use mathematical models to estimate height from bone length.

Distinguish between admissible and inadmissible scientific and technical evidence supplied by expert witnesses in criminal cases.

Crime Scene Procedures, Techniques, and Analysis

Explain the differences between processing and analyzing evidence.

Analyze and interpret data from different types of crime scene evidence to determine which forensic crime lab unit would have responsibility. Example: soil, blood spatter, shoe print, hair, computer, glass, pills, fibers

Construct an explanation of how scientific forensic techniques used in collecting and submitting evidence for admissibility in court have evolved over time.

Plan and carry out investigations using the scientific protocols for analyzing a crime scene. Example: Set perimeter, search, isolate, collect evidence, photograph, sketch, and record.

Construct an argument from evidence explaining the relevance of possible evidence at a site of an investigation.

Develop models to analyze and communicate information obtained from the crime scene. Example: Properly document and sketch a crime scene.

Blood and Physiological Fluid Evidence

Plan and carry out an investigation to use antigens and antibodies to determine blood type and to identify crime suspect(s) based on the results.

Gather and share information about forensic identification of body fluids.

Summarize important considerations in forensic investigation of sexual assault.

Analyze and interpret DNA evidence to match a suspect to biological samples, identifying conditions and/or situations where errors commonly occur, and cite reasons for possible errors.

Collect and preserve biological evidence for DNA analysis

Differentiate among blood-borne pathogens and describe their effects on the human body.

Physical Pattern Evidence and Technological Examinations

Analyze distinctive features of toolmark striations and impressions.

Analyze distinctive features of tire, footwear, and other impression evidence.

Plan and carry out an experiment using the process of chromatography to analyze and identify ink marks.

Perform physical and chemical analyses of evidence obtained from a crime scene, victim, and suspect, using spectrophotometers and other appropriate equipment to answer pertinent questions in the investigation. Examples: examine broken glass to determine the direction, size, and velocity of the object which struck it; determine whether soil from a victim’s shoe matches soil at the scene

Develop fingerprints and classify characteristics for identification by using distinguishing features.

Collect and analyze latent prints using proper forensic tools and techniques. Examples: black powder, iodine, cyanoacrylate adhesive

Retrieve fingerprints and classify characteristics for identification by using distinguishing features. Examples: core, delta, bifurcation, bridge

Analyze and compare examples of firearm evidence.

Construct an explanation based on the path of a moving projectile to indicate how the trajectory of an object can determine the position of the person releasing the object.

Forensic Toxicology, Drugs, and Drug Analysis

Differentiate among the five distinct categories or schedules of drugs, including chemical composition and effects on the human body.

Critique methods for laboratory analysis of controlled substance and design a solution to determine toxicity of a drug in a human based on body mass.

Ask questions to develop a time-of-death estimation in an actual or simulated situation, using signs of rigor mortis and stages of decomposition.

Compare the effects of various levels of alcohol in the human body.

Arson and Explosives Investigations

Compare types of combustion reactions and give examples.

Analyze burn patterns in the investigation of fire scenes.

Gather, evaluate, and share information on methods for recovery and analysis of residues of ignitable liquids.

Classify explosives and explosions based on their characteristics.

Cybersecurity

Assess cybersecurity tools, techniques, and technologies

Analyze basic computer evidence recovery techniques.

Demonstrate strategies for starting and managing a network intrusion investigation.

Assess methods of mobile device seizure and evidence recovery.

Communication

Create incident reports and forensic laboratory analysis reports.

Cite evidence and provide oral testimony in actual or simulated situations.

Domains of Development

Classroom Culture

Foundation

Foundational Standards

Research and report on historical events and current trends in education within the United States. Examples: Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, No Child Left Behind, Title IX, creation of school calendar, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, First Class Pre-K

Compare and contrast classroom management procedures for various ages, subjects, and settings. Examples: classroom layout, policies and procedures, facility safety

Summarize current research on the processes of early brain development.

Explain the importance of social interaction, communication, and self-concept in social and emotional development.

Describe physical developmental milestones from birth through adolescence.

Create learning activities that apply knowledge of physical, social and emotional, and cognitive development.

Research and analyze developmental theories. Examples: theories of Freud, Piaget, Marzano, Erikson, Skinner, Bowlby, Vygotsky, Maslow

Explore and deliberate current issues in education within the United States.

Analyze the Alabama Educator Code of Ethics to obtain personal and professional guidance.

Identify and interpret teacher observation and evaluation tools currently established by the State of Alabama or LEAs.

Compare and contrast the roles and responsibilities of teachers, administrators, and specialized instructional support personnel.

Create age-appropriate learning activities that actively engage students in the learning process.

Describe ways in which teachers can show respect and appreciation for each student.

Explain how physical and instructional environments can be engineered to be conducive to learning for students of various ages. Examples: indoor/outdoor play, traditional/non-traditional instruction

Research and report on how the connection between learning styles and teaching methods impacts student learning.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Technical Skills

Health and Wellness

Legal and Ethical Responsibilities

Employability Skills

Healthcare Delivery Systems

Safety

Medical Terminology

Communication

Medical Math

Anatomy and Physiology

Foundational Standards

Describe the basic organization of the human body.

Use and explain common medical abbreviations to communicate health information accurately.

Identify existing and potential hazards to clients, co-workers, and self in the healthcare setting.

Identify and describe a variety of common infectious organisms, including blood-borne pathogens.

Compare and contrast the focus, functions, and organization of various healthcare delivery systems.

Compare and contrast the focus, functions, and organization of healthcare-related agencies.

Compare and contrast early beliefs about the causes and treatment of disease with current knowledge and explain how advances in knowledge have led to changes in prevention and treatment.

Identify 10 or more major events in the history of health care and explain their significance.

Describe personal and professional traits and attitudes that are desirable in a healthcare worker.

Summarize legal and ethical responsibilities within the healthcare delivery setting.

Research and debate bioethical dilemmas encountered in the healthcare setting.

Describe fundamental principles and practices of health promotion and wellness.

Identify and describe the social determinants of health.

Explain the impact that trauma and the social determinants of health may have on patients and their health outcomes.

Utilize directional terms to indicate the locations of anatomical structures.

Demonstrate entry-level skills required in various careers in the healthcare industry, including specific skills for areas of particular interest.

Identify basic structures and functions of human body systems.

Tell and record time using the 24-hour clock.

Use dimensional analysis to convert English and metric measurements commonly used in health care.

Compare and contrast verbal and nonverbal communication.

Identify common barriers to communication and describe ways to overcome them.

Communicate with patients and co-workers using techniques of the sender-message-receiver feedback model.

Use common roots, prefixes, and suffixes to communicate medical information.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Industrial Agricultural Technology

Animal Science

Plant Science

Environmental Science

Agribusiness Leadership

Technology Applications

Impact of Agriculture

Foundational Standards

Define agriculture and identify major divisions of the agriculture industry.

Identify major agricultural commodities in the local area, state, nation, and world.

Describe various agricultural organizations and their roles in the agricultural industry.

Discuss forest management practices.

Identify trees for local, state, national, and global markets.

Identify potential hazards for Alabama forests and forest professionals. Examples: invasive species; venomous spiders and snakes, poisonous plants, topographic hazards

Discuss ethical and legal responsibilities involved in wildlife management.

Describe state hunting laws and regulations concerning wildlife.

Explain hunting safety practices.

Identify common fish and wildlife species of Alabama.

Identify characteristics and functions of plants.

Explain plant processes, including photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration.

Identify the essential elements needed for plant health and growth.

Identify various necessities for producing plants.

Demonstrate sexual and asexual plant propagation.

Discuss the use of chemicals in agriculture. Examples: herbicides, fungicides, insecticides

Identify characteristics of common breeds of livestock including cattle, swine, sheep, equine animals, and poultry.

Identify species-specific terminology used to identify livestock. Example: bovine- bull, cow, heifer, steer, calf

Explain practices used to manage livestock, including handling, breeding, vaccinating, and transporting.

Determine nutritional requirements for livestock, including cattle, swine, sheep, equine animals, and poultry.

Differentiate among types of aquaculture enterprises in Alabama, including catfish, crawfish, shrimp, and tilapia.

Apply mathematical, reading, and writing skills used in woodworking.

Demonstrate procedures for constructing a woodworking project, including completing a bill of materials, calculating board feet, selecting tools, applying measurements, cutting, assembling, and finishing.

Examine procedures used in welding.

Explain the theory of operation for two- and four-stroke small engines.

Identify major components and functions of basic wiring circuits.

Create a timeline listing major changes and accomplishments in the history of agriculture.

Identify procedures for installing and maintaining plumbing lines and fixtures for structures.

Utilize technology to access, manage, and integrate agricultural information. Examples: spreadsheets, databases, web-based drives, electronic record keeping, Geographic Integration System, Global Positioning System, drones

Identify technological advances that enhance the agriculture industry.

Apply problem-solving and decision-making skills to address agribusiness issues. Examples: supply and demand, financial management, marketing

Discuss the history and structure of agriscience education and its three-circle model.

Examine the history of the National FFA Organization.

List legislation which mandates or supports agricultural education.

Identify components of a Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE), including manageability, record keeping, availability of facilities, financing, and award opportunities. Examples: award opportunities - agriscience fairs, proficiency awards, degree applications, scholarships

Identify financial considerations as factors to be considered in agricultural opportunities and selecting a Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE).

Demonstrate communication skills through Leadership Development Events (LDEs), including prepared public speaking, extemporaneous speaking, creed speaking, conduct of a chapter meeting, and parliamentary procedure.

Practice listening and speaking skills.

Refine reading and writing skills.

Identify methods and practices for conserving the environment.

Explain the importance of natural resources.

Identify major soil areas in Alabama.

Identify layers of soil in a soil profile.

Determine the texture of various soil samples.

Determine the land capability class for a given plot of land.

Explain how to adjust soil pH.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Demonstrate digital literacy by using digital and electronic tools appropriately, safely, and ethically.

Participate in a Career Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Participate in Supervised Agricultural Experiences and/or work-based, experiential, and service learning.

Summary Project

Healthcare Credentials

Pharmacology

Health Maintenance Practices

Teamwork

Legal and Ethical Issues

Communication

Technical Skills

Diseases and Disorders

Medical Terminology

Safety

Employability

Foundational Standards

Utilize skills related to specific healthcare facility requirements in delivering patient care.

Modify communication to meet the needs of the patient or client in ways that are appropriate for the situation.

Model professional verbal and nonverbal communication with patient or client, caregivers, and healthcare team members.

Construct examples of technical and formal writing.

Apply industry-standard ethical practices with consideration for patients’ cultural, social, and ethnic differences in healthcare settings.

Follow regulations and industry standards safeguarding the privacy and confidentiality of health information.

Research and explain how effective team dynamics can improve patient care.

Differentiate between wellness and illness and summarize the goals and outcomes of each in the clinical setting.

Identify and explain psychological responses to illness.

Explain why a patient’s compliance with the ordered plan of care is important for health maintenance.

Research medications using medical reference sources to determine drug classifications, indications, contraindications, side effects, and dosages.

Research and report on specific standards required for credentialing in a health-related field.

Analyze safety needs of patients and caregivers in the clinical setting, utilizing critical thinking skills.

Create a project based on extended research regarding a topic or issue encountered during clinical experience and present it to an audience of mentors, academic and career tech instructors, and peers.

Employ safe work practices, following health and safety policies and procedures of the clinical facility

Communicate orally and in writing in clinical settings, using correct medical terminology.

Observe, research, and describe the etiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of common diseases and disorders encountered in the clinical setting.

Perform basic healthcare skills according to facility protocol.

Utilize mathematics in healthcare environments, including office and patient care settings.

Research procedures observed in the clinical setting and explain their relevance to the plan of care.

Distinguish between subjective and objective information throughout the healthcare plan process, including patient assessment, implementation, and evaluation.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Trace the history of hospitality and tourism industries, including culinary and food services, lodging, travel and tourism, and legal and ethical issues.

Identify the role of various departments within a lodging facility. Examples: housekeeping, maintenance, landscaping

Organize the back-of-the-house and front-of the-house of a culinary laboratory for function, efficiency, time management, and cost.

Demonstrate operation of food preparation and nonfood commercial equipment, according to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards. • Classifying small and large food preparation equipment • Describing the calibration of food preparation equipment • Measuring portions with ladles, cups, spoons, and scales • Analyzing warranties and service agreements for proper maintenance of food preparation equipment • Identifying proper handling, storage, and cleaning of food preparation equipment

Apply culinary calculations to recipe conversions, including weight and volume, calories and fat grams, and food temperature conversions.

Demonstrate safety when using various cutting tools in a commercial culinary laboratory. • Comparing knife cuts used in the culinary industry Examples: julienne, bâtonnet, brunoise, dice, tourne, rondelle, chiffonade • Identifying sharpening tools, including stone and steel • Illustrating safe handling and washing techniques for sharpening tools • Selecting proper cutting tools, including knives, mandolins, choppers, and food processors for various tasks • Demonstrating safe knife-sharpening techniques

Assess factors that affect food quality, including taste, appearance, color, and texture.

Explain the importance of developing standardized recipes in a food service operation. • Interpreting recipe instructions • Analyzing a recipe for spice and seasoning substitutions and adjustments

Define important dietary terms, including bland, low-fat, low-sodium, low-cholesterol, and fatfree diets. • Recognizing various food allergies • Identifying eating disorders • Classifying major nutrients • Preparing healthy recipes for special diets

Describe the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) and Material Safety and Data Sheets (MSDS) standards. • Identifying foodborne illnesses and hygiene procedures for avoiding each • Demonstrating proper handling, preparation, and storage of food • Demonstrating compliance with health codes for food service related to chemical storage, pest control, and garbage disposal

Describe basic service skills used in hospitality and tourism industries, including welcoming and processing guests, overseeing customer comfort, and handling customer complaints.

Apply mathematical, reading, writing, terminology, critical-thinking, decision-making, communication, financial literacy, and problem-solving skills to hospitality and tourism industries.

Compare styles of food service, including counter, tray line, seated, banquet, and catering. • Demonstrating table-setting techniques

Explain the impact of goal setting, teamwork, and technical skills on careers in hospitality and tourism industries. • Recognizing the importance of FCCLA programs to hospitality and tourism industries

Determine technology tools that impact hospitality and tourism industries.

Determine career pathways, entrepreneurial opportunities, and required credentials related to hospitality and tourism.

Compare types of recreation, travel, and tourism activities. • Examples: amusement parks, museums, sporting events, destination vacations, cruises, spas, resorts, tours, attractions, theaters, reunions

Describe strategies involved in planning various events, including golf tournaments, weddings, and anniversary celebrations.

Determine stages in the guest cycle, including pre-arrival, arrival, occupancy, and departure.

Identify criteria used for classifying hotel properties.

Immune and Lymphatic Systems

Endocrine System

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Cardiovascular System

Nervous System

Muscular System

Skeletal System

Integumentary System

Cells and Body Tissues

Body Planes and Directional Terms

Foundational Standards

Model and describe positions of the human body, using directional terms.

Identify and describe structures of the cardiovascular system and trace the flow of blood through the body.

Describe blood cell formation, identify components of the blood, and distinguish among human blood groups.

Describe common cardiovascular diseases and disorders and the associated pathophysiological changes that lead to disease.

Identify and describe the structures of the digestive system and explain their functions.

Explain the role of nutrition in maintaining homeostasis in the body.

Describe disorders affecting the digestive system and the associated pathophysiological changes that lead to disease.

Identify and describe the structures of the respiratory system and explain their functions.

Identify common disorders of the respiratory system and the associated pathophysiological changes that lead to disease.

Describe structures and functions of the male and female reproductive systems.

Describe disorders of the reproductive system and the associated pathophysiological changes that lead to disease or affect fertility.

Identify and describe the structures of the urinary system and explain their functions, including the filtration of blood, the production of urinary filtrate, and the path of elimination of urine.

Describe diseases and the disorders of the urinary system and the associated pathophysiological changes that lead to disease.

Identify endocrine glands and explain their functions, including the effects of hormones on the body.

Identify common disorders of the endocrine system and the associated pathophysiological changes that lead to disease.

Identify and describe the structures and functions of the immune and lymphatic systems, including the first, second, and third lines of defense against infection, and trace the response of the immune system when a pathogen enters the body.

Compare and contrast active and passive immunity and explain their relationship to vaccination.

Describe disorders and diseases of the immune system and the associated pathophysiological changes that lead to disease.

Identify body planes, body cavities, quadrants, and abdominopelvic regions of the human body, using correct medical terminology.

Identify the four principal types of tissues (epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous) and describe their characteristics, functions, and locations.

Describe and differentiate among the structures, functions, and organization of cells and tissues in the human body.

Identify and describe structures and functions of the integumentary system, including accessory organs, using correct medical terminology.

Describe diseases and disorders of the integumentary system and the associated pathophysiological changes that lead to them, using medical terminology.

Identify the axial and appendicular subdivisions of the skeletal system and explain their functions.

Classify joints as ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, ellipsoidal, condyloid, or gliding according to their structure and movement.

Identify the four main bone types and explain where they are found.

Describe various skeletal system disorders and the associated pathophysiological changes that lead to them, using medical terminology.

Identify structures of the muscular system, including major muscles, origins, and insertions, and explain the functions of the muscular system, including types of body movements.

Compare the cellular structures of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.

Classify muscles as prime movers, antagonists, synergists, or fixators, based on their functions in the body.

Describe the steps of the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction and pathophysiological changes that lead to muscular disease.

Identify structures of the nervous system and explain their functions.

Compare and contrast the functions of the peripheral and central nervous systems.

Explain the functions of the sensory organs, including the eye, ear, tongue, and skin receptors.

Describe diseases and disorders of the nervous system and the associated pathophysiological changes that lead to disease.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Industrial Agricultural Technologies

Plant Systems

Natural Resources and Environmental Management

Agribusiness Leadership

Impact of Agriculture

Foundational Standards

Describe the impact of various agricultural commodities on Alabama’s economy.

Discuss the effects of state and national legislation as it relates to contemporary issues in the agriculture industry.

Describe Alabama’s agricultural imports and exports.

Describe macronutrients and micronutrients needed for plant growth.

Explore various settings for production of agricultural crops. Examples: greenhouse, garden, outdoor lear

Identify plants by common names and give descriptions of common agricultural crops in Alabama.

Utilize power equipment in order to manipulate materials. Example: Use a circular saw, drill, or welder to construct a project.

Perform routine care and maintenance on small engines. Examples: replace spark plugs, air filter, oil, and oil filter

Demonstrate procedures used in wiring electrical circuits. Examples: use a voltage meter, install wiring, draw a circuit

Demonstrate plumbing installation and maintenance. Examples: install irrigation lines, sweat copper, repair valves

Collect and input data utilizing electronic record keeping systems. Example: Agriculture Experience Tracker (AET)

Apply advancements in agriculture technology as they relate to industry standards. Examples: electronic control systems, drones, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Geographic Information System (GIS), satellite imaging systems

Describe the three-circle model as used in agriscience education. Examples: working toward FFA awards and degrees, participating in Career/ Leadership Development Events (CDE/LDE)

Identify potential hazards to Alabama wildlife, forests, and forest professionals. Examples: topographic challenges, unsafe hunting practices

Explain basic forest management practices.

Identify common trees of Alabama.

Demonstrate common forestry tools and calculations. Examples: Biltmore stick, clinometer, diameter tape, board feet, compass, mapping, timber cruising, saw timber volume

Discuss timber stand improvement and best management practices in forestry.

Explain basic concepts of agronomy.

Evaluate soil texture.

Determine slope of land.

Analyze land capability classes.

Classify plants based on life cycles and uses in agriculture. Examples: annuals, biennials, perennials; cool and warm season vegetables, ornamentals

Explain methods of sexual and asexual plant reproduction. Examples: seeds, pollination; cuttings

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements, and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Demonstrate digital literacy by using digital and electronic tools appropriately, safely, and ethically.

Participate in a Career Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Participate in Supervised Agricultural Experiences and/or work-based, experiential, and service learning.

Explain the growth of communication, including telegraph, wireless, early radio and television, electronic and satellite news gathering technology, and Internet broadcasting.

Identifying television conversational writing style, including simple word usage, short sentence structure, “say it, see it” theory, present tense form, active and passive voice, and objective and subjective point of view.

Prioritizing information for television production

Use applicable editing techniques for television production, including transitions, in-and-out points, trimming, and video sequencing.

Defining basic terms associated with television editing Examples: edit-in-camera, assemble edit, insert edit, jump cuts, linear, nonlinear, flash frames, control track

Create a commercial using basic television production skills.

Utilizing basic television advertising terms and techniques, including purpose, process, and persuasive devices Examples: revenue, market research, target audience, ratings, humor, testimonial, bandwagon

Create a public service announcement using basic television production skills.

Explaining the purpose of a television public service announcement Examples: informing, changing opinion, promoting a cause

Create a news story using basic television production skills.

Determining format, fact selection, teases, and lead sentences in television prerecorded and live news story organization

Recognizing common television news terms, including story types and career positions

Describing the development of networks, cable, and satellite television and their impact on broadcasting

Describing the impact television has on society and politics

Assessing recent technological developments in television production

Predicting the future of telecommunications

Identify safety hazards associated with television production

Practicing precautions while using electrical equipment in television production

Demonstrating care for television production gear and tapes in various weather situations

Utilizing proper care for television lamps and bulbs

Identifying live television remote location safety procedures

Organizing and manipulating digital files safely in television production

Demonstrate video camera setup, movement, and operation.

Utilize proper handling, care, and storage techniques of camera, tripod, and accessories.

Critique audio quality for television production.

Recognizing audio production components, including microphones, natural sound, voice and audio track, sound-on-tape, sound bites, audio level, interruptible foldback (IFB), and earpiece

Using audio equipment correctly

Demonstrate studio and field lighting for television, including back, key, fill, and natural light, and three-point lighting and camera lighting functions. Examples: camera lighting functions—white-balance and black-balance, filters

Demonstrate appropriate on-camera performance, including clear speech, diction, eye contact, gestures, posture, and appearance.

Assess the quality of television interviews and sound bites, including length and content.

Utilizing standard television interview questions Examples: who, what, where, when, why, how

Describing pre-interviewing techniques for television Examples: brainstorming, researching

Evaluating television interview footage

Demonstrate effective television script writing format. Examples: news, audio and video, screenplay, storyboard

Economics

Cultural Diversity

Safety and Security

Guest Services and Relations

Housekeeping Functions

Front Desk

Lodging Structure

Business Operations

Hospitality Industry

Compare classifications of lodging properties for affiliations, levels of service, ownership, size, and target market.

Determine roles of the housekeeper in hotel operations, including guest room cleaning, managing inventory, and reporting damaged property.

Describe strategies for maintaining positive guest relations.

Demonstrate strategies for resolving guest complaints.

Summarize duties of the concierge and bell hop.

Describe safety and security associated with the lodging industry, including Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards, emergency response, and housekeeping security.

Explain how cultural diversity impacts the hospitality and tourism industry.

Analyze effects of the economy on the hospitality and tourism industry to apply appropriate strategies in developing new products or services.

Distinguish functions of various departments of a hotel, including accounting, security, engineering, front desk, housekeeping, maintenance, human resources, and sales and marketing.

Determine trends and issues associated with the lodging industry.

Assess ways technology impacts and is used in the lodging industry.

Assess career options, entrepreneurial opportunities, and credentials associated with the lodging industry.

Compare cost efficiency for resorts, large hotel chains, and independently owned lodging establishments.

Critique sales opportunities available in the lodging industry.

Compare types of services offered by the lodging industry. Examples: bed and breakfast, tour, business travel, leisure, destination, theme packets

Summarize the role of front desk staff, including cashiering and accounting, receiving reservations, and creating departmental log reports.

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Design and carry out an experiment to determine if a body of water is fresh, brackish or salt and what effect the salinity would have on aquatic life.

Introduction to Marine Science

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Marine Reptiles, Birds and Mammals

Develop and use models to predict adaptations resulting from natural and artificial selection that may cause changes in populations over time (e.g. countershading, camouflage, fin shape, body shape, beak types)

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Obtain and communicate information to demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of the anatomy and physiology of representative aquatic organisms.

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Develop and use dichotomous keys to compare and contrast different aquatic species

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Engage in argument from evidence to describe how human activity may affect marine ecosystems positively (e.g. reef restoration, protection of endangered species) & negatively (e.g. pollution, overfishing, habitat destruction)

Obtain and evaluate information about historical marine expeditions (e.g. H.M.S. Beagle, H.M.S. Challenger I and II, Atlantis) and marine explorers (e.g. Cooke, Wilkes, Maury, Cousteau) to communicate how their findings challenged conventional thinking and allowed for academic advancements in oceanography.

Design, build and test the ability of a submersibles structure (e.g. ROV-Remotely Operated Vehicle, AUV- Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) to collect various data for underwater exploration.

Develop and use models to describe the structure and function of oceans, including topography of the ocean floor, plate tectonics and wave motion.

Where Rivers meet the Sea: Estuaries & Watersheds

Analyze and interpret data regarding geologic activity along plate boundaries and magnetic patterns in undersea rocks to explain the ages and movements of continental and oceanic crusts.

Use mathematical equations and diagrams to explain the relationship between depth and water pressure.

Develop and use climate models to determine the cause and effect relationship that exists between the atmosphere and the ocean (e.g. phytoplankton releasing oxygen into air, greenhouse gases like carbon increasing acidity of oceans, water currents, gyres, wind patterns)

Intertidal Zone and Tides/Waves

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Salt Marshes, Mangroves and Seagrasses

Obtain, evaluate & communicate information to explain how energy flow is related to the way waves, ocean currents & tides are generated.

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Continental Shelf: (coral reef and kelp forest)/ Open Ocean Ecosystem

Formulate an evidence-based explanation to describe the causes & effects of physical features of seawater (e.g. turbidity, temperature, density)

Formulate an evidence-based explanation to describe the causes and effects of chemical features of seawater (e.g. salinity, pH, dissolved gases)

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Ocean Depths and Exploration

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Obtain, evaluate and communicate information to describe the structure, function and diversity of various marine ecosystems (e.g. estuaries, coral reefs, benthic communities, open ocean communities).

Obtain and communicate information to demonstrate understanding of the structure and function of the abiotic and biotic factors in various marine ecosystems

Introduction to Taxonomy, Plankton and Algae

Develop and use models to describe the cycling of matter (e.g. carbon, nitrogen, water) & flow of energy (e.g. food chains, food webs, biomass pyramids, 10% law) between abiotic & biotic factors in marine ecosystems.

Marine Invertebrates

Obtain and communicate information to describe the structural and functional characteristics of marine plants and algae

Marine Vertebrates-Fish

Obtain, evaluate and communicate information to explain how organisms are classified by physical characteristics, organized into levels of taxonomy and identified by binomial nomenclature (e.g. taxonomic classification, dichotomous keys)

Develop and use models to demonstrate understanding of the structural and functional characteristics of ocean drifting organisms (e.g. phytoplankton, zooplankton)

Develop and use models to differentiate the physical structures and behavioral characteristics of the marine invertebrate phyla (e.g. Porifera, Cnidaria, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata)

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Develop and use models to differentiate the physical structures and behavioral characteristics of the marine vertebrate classes (e.g. fishes, reptiles, birds, mammals)

Apply knowledge of logistics (distribution) and channel management to manage supply-chain actvities.

Explain the nature and scope of the pricing function.

Explain factors affecting pricing decisions.

Distinguish between market share and market position as they relate to pricing.

Compare and contrast markup, markdown, sale prices, and discount dollars and percentages.

Explain the impact of product life cycles on marketing decisions.

Evaluate pricing strategies in terms of maximizing return and meeting customers' perceptions of value.

Explain the nature and scope of the product/service management function.

Explain the concepts of product mix and product/service branding.

Identify methods and techniques for generating a product idea.

Detail procedures for positioning products and services.

Employee processes and techniques to develop, maintain, and improve a product/service mix to utilize market opportunities.

Identify the elements of the promotional mix and explain the role of promotion as a marketing function.

List and explain promotional channels used to communicate with targeted audiences.

Explain and identify the types of advertising and their costs. Examples: social media, print, digital

Explain the role of a promotional plan.

Demonstrate promotional knowledge and skill for communicating information to achieve a desired marketing outcome.

Explain the nature and scope of the selling function and the role of marketing as a complement to selling.

Explain the nature of sales channels.

Analyze product information to identify product features and benefits and their role in selling.

Explain the selling process and demonstrate sales techniques.

Employ effective processes and techniques to sell goods, services, and ideas.

Integrate written, digital, and verbal messages to achieve effective marketing communications.

Describe the role of interpersonal skills, networking, and politics in the workplace.

Explain the importance of stress management, negotiation, and conflict-resolution skills.

Explain the nature and scope of teamwork and human relations.

Explain the importance of financial planning in business.

Correlate profit, cash flow, margin, and sales to the financial plan.

Describe various types of financial records that should be analyzed when making marketing decisions.

Utilize financial knowledge and skill to facilitate marketing decisions.

Summarize state and federal laws and regulations associated with marketing.

Explain the nature and scope of channel management and distribution Examples: transportation, storage, buying, shipping, receiving

Contrast the functions of retailers, wholesalers, agents, and brokers.

Gather and share information about the economic environments in which customers function.

Examine various economic sysems to determine how each establishes what will be produced, how it will be produced, and for whom it will be produced.

Explain how traditional, command, market, and mixed economic systems affect private ownership and the role of government in each economic system.

Identify various measurements used to analyze an economy and explain how those measures relate to supply and demand in the marketing process.

Identify concepts, processes, and behaviors associated with successful entreprenuers.

Demonstrate knowledge of international business and marketing concepts.

Contrast international and domestic business and marketing.

Explain why nations and companies engage in international trade.

Explain the importance of marketing in a global economy.

Identify factors affecting international trade. Examples: culture, political structure, barriers to trade, currency fluctuations, comparative advantage

Define marketing and explain its role in the economy.

Utilize basic marketing terminology. Examples: market segmentation, target marketing, marketing positioning

Explain key terms related to the global trade environment.

Explain marketing principles in relation to the free enterprise system and the global trade environment.

Evaluate how the "four P's" of marketing (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) directly impact businesses and the sales process.

Explain marketing functions and their related activities.

Analyze elements of the marketing mix.

Explain the concepts of a market, market segmentation, and market identification.

Relate marketing concepts to customers' needs and wants.

Utilize knowledge of marketing concepts to explain the scope of impact and marketing on the economy.

Describe types of business activities.

Explain types of business ownership.

Identify and explain trends and development in marketing.

Explain the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR)

Evaluate and modify business and marketing systems to facilitate business activities.

Explain The nature and scope of the marketing information management function.

Describe the types of marketing research, including advertising, product, market, and sales, and the differences between quantitative and qualitative data.

Contrast primary and secondary data.

Describe data collection methods. Examples: observations, mail, telephone, Internet, discussion/focus groups, interviews, scanners

Identify trends and limitations in marketing research, including the impact of social media.

Describe how business and marketing decisions are influenced by marketing information and research.

Describe the use of technology in channel management and distribution and explain how it affects the cost of products.

Interpret research results to analyze the purpose, definition, concepts, benefits, and strategies of marketing for their impact on individuals and businesses.

Determine career and entrepreneurial opportunities, responsibilities, and educational and credentialing requirements in marketing.

Demonstrating the employment process, including job source research; résumé preparation; letters of application, acceptance, refusal, and resignation; application form completion; and mock interviews

Demonstrate interpersonal skills and the ability to work cooperatively as needed in the workplace with team members, supervisors, and customers from diverse cultural backgrounds using creative problem-solving, decision-making, and critical-thinking strategies.

Demonstrate effective written communication skills for the workplace by creating a variety of business communications for the workplace using correct grammar and terminology.

Demonstrate effective oral presentation skills using research materials and media to sustain listener attention and interest.

Preparing support materials to accompany presentations

Demonstrating the ability to speak effectively to customers, clients, coworkers, and supervisors using appropriate grammar and terminology

Demonstrate the ability to write clear directions, descriptions, and explanations as used in the workplace.

Explaining steps of a new product development as it relates to product life cycles

Explaining types and purposes of consumer and business credit

Categorizing target markets

Evaluating the marketing mix and segmentation and their contribution to successful marketing

Differentiating between marketing and merchandising

Differentiating between indirect and direct marketing

Differentiate among laws and regulations associated with marketing.

Explain differences among business enterprises of sole-proprietorship, partnership, corporation, franchise, and licensing.

Analyze methods of conducting market research to gain a competitive edge.

Explain economic concepts, international trade, and the free enterprise system in a global economy.

Determining the interrelationship of business, government, and individuals

Evaluating the effect of cultural beliefs and values on economic goals and decisions

Determining the role e-commerce plays in the marketing of goods and services

Assessing the role of government in a free enterprise system

Analyzing the use of natural resources and recycling in economic systems

Explain concepts and techniques of selling.

Analyzing customer buying decisions for influencing factors

Demonstrating the selling process and techniques used in marketing and management

Performing calculations for completing sales transactions

Analyze promotional and merchandising tools and types of promotions in marketing and management to optimize revenue.

Distinguishing between institutional and promotional advertising media

Combining elements of advertising and merchandising for developing a display

Use cost analysis to evaluate methods for purchasing and distributing merchandise.

Comparing methods of stock handling and inventory control

Explaining the process of ordering and receiving

Determining the most efficient channels of distribution

Critique factors affecting pricing decisions.

Evaluating branding, packaging, labeling, and pricing strategies

Application

Statistical Analysis

Dosage Calculations

EKG

Ultrasound

Charts and Graphs

Measurement Systems and Conversions

Treatment Schedules

Disease Distribution and Spread

Healthcare Administration

Foundational Standards

Research and report on the costs associated with operating a medical facility.

Analyze data to project ways to manage expenses and ensure that a medical facility generates the cash flow required to cover operating costs for a given scenario.

Estimate and calculate basic payroll expenses for a medical office in a given scenario.

Estimate employee onboarding costs and calculate the length of time an employee would need to be retained to produce a positive return on investment.

Analyze data to predict what equipment, medication, personnel, and space will be needed to serve the medical needs of a given community or scenario.

Research and report on the use of ultrasound technology in healthcare professions, identifying the frequencies, wavelengths, and modes used to produce clear images.

Explain how different ultrasound frequencies and wavelengths are used for various purposes, including imaging and physical therapy through thermal healing and cavitation.

Identify a normal sinus rhythm from an electrocardiogram (EKG), locating and describing a constant interval and a normal P wave.

Measure P wave, QRS interval, PR interval, ST segment, QT interval and T wave to determine times and amplitude of electrical cardiac activity.

Identify and describe cardiac arrhythmias in graphs of EKG results that do not fall into the normal range.

Interpret and calculate oral medication orders, utilizing rounding rules, unit rates, ratios, proportions, and dimensional analysis for pediatric, adult, and geriatric patients.

Interpret and calculate intravenous medication orders and drip rates for patients of various ages, using rates, ratios, proportions, and dimensional analysis.

Calculate medication dosage rate.

Compare and contrast the amounts of radiation exposure associated with various imaging tests.

Using scientific notation, express the amount of radiation exposure from an imaging test and explain how the test exposure is related to a patient’s average daily exposure.

Calculate body surface area and describe how this measure is used by medical professionals in diagnosing illness or administering treatment.

Research and collect a dataset for a medical topic of interest.

Use a dataset from research on a medical topic to create a display with a sufficient number of data points to predict a pattern.

Describe the relationships present in the dataset and make a prediction based upon the pattern of change.

Research and report on healthcare applications of the relationships of the Golden Ratio.

Research and report on the prevalence and consequences of errors in a given medical facility or scenario, presenting data in the form of graphs or charts and explaining its implications in the healthcare setting.

Research and document the sizes and reproduction rates of common viruses and bacteria, organizing information in tables or graphs.

Express the size of virus and bacteria particles in microns and millimeters, using decimals, fractions, and scientific notation when appropriate.

Examine datasets and graph multiplication rates of bacteria at various temperatures over time.

Analyze graphical trends, explaining the effects of temperature on the multiplication of bacteria and describing ways that healthcare workers can use this information to lower the risk and spread of bacterial infections.

Research and report on an infectious disease, including its incidence rate, prevalence, and virulence.

Create and use a mathematical model to predict the spread of a disease based on one infected person in a variety of scenarios.

Research specific diagnostic tests or screenings and use trial data to explain accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision of the test results.

Interpret and utilize medical terms and abbreviations and create a schedule for administering medications or treatments using the 12- and 24-hour clock systems.

Research and report on the drug half-life of a variety of medications and explain how half-life affects dosing schedules.

Generate a drug table showing the peak, trough, and therapeutic ranges for a given medication, write an equation to describe this relationship, and explain how to apply this information to maintain consistent levels of medication in the body

Utilize and fluently convert between the metric, English, and apothecary systems to indicate length, weight, and volume.

Interpret measurement markings and scales on various types of syringes, graduated cylinders, IV solution bags, and urinary drainage bags and create accurate records of the amounts indicated.

Convert temperature readings between Fahrenheit and Celsius scales.

Research and report on the use of goniometry to assess joint and skeletal anomalies.

Record objective patient data during rehabilitation from an injury or surgical procedure for a given scenario.

Assess a patient’s recovery by comparing objective measurements to predictive goals established by evidenced-based standards of care.

Create and analyze medical charts and graphs, identifying trends and rates of change.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Body Systems

Levels of Body Organization

Introduction to Medical Terminology

Foundational Standards

Identify and explain Greek and Latin origins for parts of medical terms.

Use medical terminology to describe locations of body planes, regions, and cavities in relation to anatomical positions.

Explain and demonstrate directional and positional terms.

Utilize and explain abbreviations associated with body organization.

Decipher and explain combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes specific to each body system.

Locate anatomical structures relating to each body system.

Interpret medical terms and abbreviations that are common to each system from a variety of technical writings.

Create technical writing samples that include proper body system terminology.

Decode medical terms by breaking them down into the individual word parts and translating each to decipher meaning

Arrange word elements including word root, combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes to correctly build medical terms.

Identify medical abbreviations approved by The Joint Commission and explain their proper use.

Interpret common prefixes and explain how they are used.

Compare and contrast prefixes pertaining to numbers, color, measurements, and negatives and explain how each one modifies the meaning of words.

Utilize and explain suffixes pertaining to instruments, diagnostic procedures, and surgical procedures.

Recognize and interpret suffixes pertaining to symptoms or diagnosis.

Utilize and explain suffixes pertaining to specialties and specialists.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Active Learning Practices

Teaching Across the Curriculum

Foundations of Literacy and Numeracy

Instructional Methods and Strategies

Foundational Standards

Compare and contrast current trends in teaching strategies. Examples: teacher-centered, learner-centered, inquiry-based, content-focused,, flipped classroom, cooperative learning

Create text-dependent writing prompts based on texts selected from across the curriculum.

Create anchor charts and graphic organizers that incorporate literacy strategies for use in non-ELA classrooms.

Gather and report information on the strategies and scaffolding techniques used in instruction by educational professionals who work with special populations.

Create assessments aligned to grade-level standards in Alabama State Department of Education courses of study, incorporating the latest research on appropriate skill levels. Examples: criterion-referenced, rubric, formative, summative

Use a rubric to assess samples of student writing from various subject areas.

Write reflections on active learning practices observed in educational settings. Examples: science labs, CTE labs, simulated workplaces, internships, work-based learning, project-based learning, maker spaces, learning centers, genius hours

Provide descriptive feedback on student work. Examples: using constructive terms, applying appropriate tone in written communication, coaching vs. praise

Compare and contrast current trends in teaching methods. Examples: modeling, tiered instruction, online learning, Montessori, direct and indirect learning, jigsaw, fishbowls, behavioral management, independent study, learning modalities

Demonstrate strategies and methods for meaningful student engagement and discourse that produce higher-order questioning. Examples: Socratic circles, debates

Demonstrate the use of instructional technology to support student learning. Examples: learner management systems, online programs, projectors, smart boards, student and teacher devices

Describe research, concepts, and teaching tools used in literacy and numeracy instruction. Examples: Science of Reading, vowel-consonant combinations, blends; ordinal numbers, place value, hundred charts, number lines, number arrays

Identify best practices in literacy and numeracy instruction, utilizing professional terminology and information on the current science of reading and mathematics. Examples: providing text-rich environments, emphasizing phonological awareness, reading aloud, encouraging storytelling, providing manipulatives, utilizing small group instruction

Using a template, develop a lesson plan that incorporates skill level and proficiency in literacy for a selected grade level utilizing standards from the Alabama Course of Study: English Language Arts.

Present an activity from the student-created lesson plan utilizing the Alabama Course of Study: English Language Arts and complete a self-evaluation and reflection.

Using a template, develop a lesson plan that incorporates skill level and proficiency in numeracy for a selected grade level utilizing standards from the Alabama Course of Study: Mathematics.

Present an activity from the student-created lesson plan utilizing the Alabama Course of Study: Mathematics and complete a self-evaluation and reflection.

Assess the reading levels of texts across the curriculum which have similar topics and concepts.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Residents’ Rights

Basic Restorative Services

Care of Residents with Cognitive Impairments

Mental Health and Social Services

Personal Care Skills

Describe physical changes that occur during the aging process.

Basic Nursing Skills

Foundational Standards

Outline the communications structure in the skilled nursing facility.

Provide grooming care, including oral hygiene and denture care.

Dress residents using approved procedures.

Assist residents with toileting safely.

Assist residents with eating and hydration, utilizing industry-approved techniques and adaptive equipment

Provide skincare, following industry best practices to prevent skin breakdown.

Transfer, turn, and position residents safely for activities of daily living (ADLs), using appropriate ergonomics and body mechanics.

Identify and describe psychological changes associated with the aging process.

Tailor behavior and communication to residents’ behavior, using therapeutic techniques to respect patients’ rights.

Explain and utilize practices that allow residents to make personal choices.

Describe and implement ways in which staff can protect the resident’s dignity.

Describe ways a resident’s family can support the resident’s well-being.

Demonstrate techniques for addressing the unique needs and behaviors of individuals with dementia to minimize the effects of cognitive impairment.

Describe effective means of communicating with residents who have cognitive impairments.

Describe and demonstrate ways to respond appropriately to the behaviors of residents who are cognitively impaired.

Describe practices involved in maintaining a resident’s abilities for self-care.

Use assistive devices to help residents with transferring, ambulating, eating, and dressing.

Perform passive range of motion exercises on a resident, including shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle.

Identify and describe complications resulting from inactivity.

Turn and position residents in bed and chair using approved procedures to minimize skin breakdown and complications resulting from inactivity

Outline steps for bowel and bladder retraining.

Assess and record vital signs, including blood pressure measured manually.

Demonstrate care and use of prosthetic and orthotic devices.

Summarize residents’ rights to make personal choices regarding their needs.

Outline the steps involved in the residents’ grievance process.

Provide assistance to residents participating in family groups and social activities.

Measure and record height and weight.

Assess the safety and cleanliness of the residents’ environment according to the facility's policy.

Report changes in residents’ physical, mental, and emotional status to a supervising nurse.

Describe stages in death and dying and explain procedures associated with caring for a person who is dying.

Complete Basic Life Support (BLS) certification.

Bathe residents according to established procedures, including catheter, perineal, hand, and foot care.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Cuisine

Meal Management and Service

Nutrition

Food

Foundational Standards

Analyze and explain factors that affect food supply chains, including geography, fuel supply, climate, economics, transportation systems, farming methods, and type of government.

Interpret a food nutrition label, including key nutrients, portion sizes, allergens, and ingredients, and explain how this information is useful in planning a nutritious diet.

Prepare nutritious meals that satisfy recommended daily intake guidelines, specifying cooking techniques that preserve the nutrients in the foods selected.

Compare the cost and nutritive value of preparing food at home rather than purchasing convenience foods and fast service foods.

Formulate a budget for planning, purchasing, and preparing nutritious foods for given scenarios. 1

Compare and contrast the nutritional quality of various prepared foods. Example: Using current technology, calculate nutritional values for scratch prepared, processed, and restaurant prepared foods.

Explain the impact of mealtime habits and etiquette and their correlation to health indicators. Example: family mealtimes, fast food dining, table habits including portion sizing, utensil usage, length of meal, and chewing duration

Demonstrate food preparation techniques required to retain nutritional content when preparing food for special occasions.

Demonstrate a variety of creative food presentation techniques to make nutritious foods visually appealing.

Compare and contrast the ways that nutritional needs are met in various cultures. Example: American-Southern diet vs. Mediterranean diet

Demonstrate food preparation techniques used in national and international cuisines.

Explain how food choices and food production are influenced by psychological, social, cultural, nutritional, economical, global, environmental, geographical, and technological factors.

Interpret legislation and regulations related to food production and consumption.

Describe the impact of technology on food production, choices, and nutrition.

Investigate and share information about recommendations for individuals’ nutritional, lifestyle, health, and fitness needs as they change across the lifespan.

Create menus and recipes to meet nutritional needs of individuals across the lifespan, using current dietary guidelines.

Summarize current research on the impact of diet fads, food addictions, and eating disorders on fitness and wellness.

Research and report on the impact of daily food choices on health and wellness.

Examine and explain how current food and lifestyle trends affect health, wellness, and food selection.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements, and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Perioperative Technical Skills

Instruments, Supplies, and Equipment

Patient Care and Advocacy

Legal and Ethical Implications

Safety and Industry Standards

Outline the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of surgery

Structure and Operation of Surgical Facilities

Foundational Standards

Compare and contrast types of healthcare facilities that perform surgery.

Identify and describe sentinel events, explain reporting procedures, and describe prevention measures.

Recognize barriers related to the physical, psychosocial, and spiritual needs of diverse surgical patients and explain how they impact patient care.

Explain the importance of patient advocacy in the preoperative setting, surgical environment, and postoperative setting.

Describe various surgical specialties and identify typical procedures performed by practitioners in these fields, using correct medical terminology.

Differentiate among elective, urgent, and emergent surgical procedures.

Demonstrate and explain the key elements related to developing a “surgical conscience” used behind the “red line” regarding attire, behavior, movement, and sterile field surveillance.

Summarize principles and procedures of antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization.

Describe methods of positioning patients and equipment in surgery for various procedures.

Explain the importance of perioperative thermoregulation and embolism prevention.

Explain integral components of universal protocol, including pre-procedure verification, surgical site marking, and time-out.

Describe hemostatic agents and methods including mechanical, thermal, and pharmacological.

Explain surgical wound classifications.

Describe potential sources of contamination.

Identify basic surgical instruments and supplies and describe how they are handled.

Identify special furniture, equipment, and technology in the operative setting and explain how they are used.

Differentiate between disposable and non-disposable items used in operative settings.

Explain the importance of cost-containment strategies in the operative setting.

Explain the role of the hospital pharmacy in operative patient care.

Demonstrate basic medication skills including handling, labeling, dosage calculations, and conversions.

Explain and demonstrate basic technical skills utilized in surgical patient care.

Differentiate among the functions of the different areas of the surgical department: preoperative holding (Pre-op), operating room (OR), post-anesthesia care unit (PACU/recovery), sterile processing department (SPD), and restricted, semi-restricted, and non-restricted areas.

Explain the roles and responsibilities of sterile and non-sterile surgical team members within perioperative services.

Explain the rationale for arranging the perioperative environment, including its proximity to patient care units in the hospital.

Explain how members of multidisciplinary teams interact across departments throughout the healthcare facility.

Explain the use of The Joint Commission’s accreditation and certification standards, the Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses’ guidelines for perioperative practice, and the Association of Surgical Technologists’ guidelines for best practices.

Summarize safe work practices within the surgical suite as outlined by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards:

Scrub for surgery, using industry-standard hand scrub techniques and products.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

EKG

Phlebotomy and Specimen Collection

Infection Control

Regulatory Compliance, Safety, and Professional Responsibilities

Patient Care

Foundational Standards

Demonstrate competency in the performance of basic patient care, working cooperatively with residents to accomplish the tasks.

Dispose of biohazardous materials and sharp objects, following guidelines set forth by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Use standard and transmission-based precautions to control infection.

Compare and contrast aseptic and sterile techniques in patient care.

Assemble proper equipment and supplies for blood and non-blood specimen collection.

Label, handle, transport, and maintain chain of custody for lab specimens according to facility guidelines.

Adhere to facility policy for specimen collection, including site specific anatomy.

Explain color codings of evacuated tubes, including any additives present, common tests for each, and any special considerations for testing.

Communicate effectively with a variety of patients and caregivers regarding phlebotomy procedures to be performed.

Identify and describe common complications of phlebotomy.

Communicate effectively with patients and caregivers regarding EKG procedures to be performed, including patients with special circumstances requiring alternative lead placement.

Demonstrate necessary skills for the admission, discharge, and transfer of the patient.

Demonstrate set-up and preparation of patient and equipment for EKG and cardiac monitoring.

Analyze and resolve artifacts from EKG tracing.

Assess and interpret waveforms of the cardiac cycle.

Interpret an EKG tracing to assess a patient’s heart conduction.

Identify and describe the major classifications of arrhythmias.

Calculate heart rate from EKG tracings using various methods.

Analyze EKG waveform variances that indicate ischemia, injury, or infarction.

Respond appropriately to simulated life-threatening arrhythmias.

Demonstrate skills related to caring for patients' bodily functions, observing protocols to protect privacy and dignity.

Demonstrate restorative and rehabilitation activities.

Verify requisition for testing, patient identity, and consent to treatment prior to performing any test or procedure.

Move, lift, and transfer patients safely, using principles of body mechanics to avoid injury.

Demonstrate and maintain policies and protocols of the healthcare facility.

Identify and describe the national regulatory agencies with oversight of medical institutions.

Recognize and address problematic signs and symptoms observed during patient care activities.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Pharmacy Calculations

Medical Terminology and Abbreviations

Compounding

Medication Order Entry, Processing, and Dispensing

Pharmacology

Pharmacy Law and Regulations

Medication Safety and Quality Assurance

Overview

Foundational Standards

Describe and contrast the roles of pharmacy personnel, including the pharmacist, pharmacy technician, and pharmacy clerk.

Describe various pharmacy settings and business models.

Identify and describe high-alert medications, high-risk medications, and sound-alike look-alike drugs (SALAD).

Explain the differences between side effects and adverse reactions and between contraindications and drug interactions, giving examples of each.

Explain the five rights of medication administration (right patient, right drug, right time, right dosage, and right route).

Research and report on the stability of drugs, including oral suspensions, insulin, reconstituted medications, injectables, and vaccines.

Demonstrate strategies for preventing medication errors, including prescription or medication order to the correct patient, tall man lettering, separating inventory, leading and trailing zeroes, barcode usage, and limiting the use of error-prone abbreviations.

Describe the benefits of using compliance aids and devices to help patients use and store medications safely.

Explain issues that require pharmacist intervention.

Demonstrate proper event reporting procedures.

Research types of prescription errors and identify ways to prevent them.

Interpret the components of prescriptions, including superscription, inscription, subscription, signature, and prescription labels.

Disinfect work areas in each section of the pharmacy setting to prevent cross contamination of medications.

Compare medication disposal methods based on product-specific requirements.

Summarize federal requirements for handling and disposal of hazardous, non-hazardous, and pharmaceutical substances and wastes.

Compare federal requirements for controlled substance prescriptions to requirements for non-controlled substance prescriptions.

Summarize federal requirements for ordering, receiving, storing, labeling, and dispensing controlled substances, including reverse distribution, take-back programs, and loss or theft.

Describe the federal requirements for restricted drug programs and related medication processes.

Summarize Food and Drug Administration (FDA) procedures for responding to recalls of medications, devices, supplies, and supplements.

Explain the levels of authorized access to the pharmacy areas, including requirements regarding identification and levels of supervision.

Outline Alabama laws and regulations pertaining to pharmaceutical careers and explain where such information may be obtained.

Describe and compare pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics, and pharmacokinetics.

Recognize and report on the generic name, brand name, indications, contraindications, side effects, and side effect classifications of the top two hundred drugs, relating them to body systems and common diseases.

Identify common over-the-counter (OTC) medications and behind-the-counter (BTC) medications and explain their indications for use.

Compare and contrast common severe medication side effects, adverse effects, allergic reactions, and interactions.

Describe the five controlled substance schedules and list the drugs at each level.

Compare and contrast the criteria of drugs for therapeutic equivalents and drugs with narrow therapeutic index (NTI).

Identify strengths, doses, dosage forms, routes of administration, special handling and administration instructions, and duration of drug therapy in given scenarios.

Research and report on the indications for dietary supplements.

Describe the information that must be included on every prescription and the measures to be taken if the information is illegible or missing.

Describe drug administration equipment and supplies included in prescriptions.

Construct and enter complete patient profiles in pharmacy computer systems for use in input, storage, and output in the pharmacy.

Identify and interpret third party payer information on a prescription medication card, and summarize insurance terms needed to communicate with customers and the pharmacist.

Explain the meaning of each dispense-as-written (DAW) code and explain how to attach it to a third-party claim.

Compare and contrast the basic types of insurance programs that may be encountered in a pharmacy setting.

Identify and interpret lot numbers, expiration dates, and National Drug Code (NDC) numbers of medications.

Compare and contrast the procedures, equipment, and regulations for sterile and non-sterile compounding in pharmacy settings.

Set up and maintain the four sets of records that sterile and non-sterile compounding pharmacies are required to create and keep (master formulation record, compounding record, standard operating procedures, and safety data sheets).

Interpret Roman numerals, medical abbreviations, medical terminology, and symbols for days supply, quantity, dose, concentration, and dilutions commonly found on prescriptions.

Convert within and between each of the systems of measurements.

Calculate the quantities of prescriptions or medication orders to be dispensed, utilizing applicable rules and formulas.

Calculate the days’ supply for prescriptions.

Calculate individual and total daily dosages.

Perform calculations for sterile and non-sterile compounding.

Perform basic pharmacy business calculations.

Perform temperature conversions required for medication storage.

Calculate percentages related to medication as used in the pharmacy setting.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Planning and Delivering Instruction

Instructional Strategies

Professional Educator

Foundational Standards

Identify community partners and resources that positively impact student learning on the local level.

Develop lesson plans based on a provided unit plan.

Teach a lesson.

Reflect on post-instructional feedback gathered from teacher observation and evaluation tools currently established by the State of Alabama or the LEA.

Create instructional resources for a specific lesson. Examples: graphic organizers, anchor charts, presentation slides, formative assessments

Create assessments aligned to specific standards. Example: Design a rubric to assess inclusion of introduction, facts, details, elaboration, conclusion, and sources in explanatory writing as described in Grade 3 Standard 34 in Alabama Course of Study: English Language Arts.

Utilize assessment data to determine the next steps in student learning. Examples: reteaching, remediation, enrichment

Interpret teaching standards currently outlined by the State of Alabama for professional guidance. Example: Use case studies or scenarios to illustrate Alabama Core Teaching Standards.

Research professional organizations for educators and describe their benefits to teachers and students. Examples: National Education Association, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Association for Career & Technical Education

Demonstrate techniques used to create a positive learning environment and classroom culture to enhance student learning. Examples: alternative seating, acknowledging positive behavior, doorway greetings

Select differentiated strategies to meet individual students’ assessed needs. Examples: guided practice, tiered instruction, intervention

Describe major provisions of current state and federal education initiatives and explain how they affect classroom instruction. Examples: Alabama Literacy Act, Alabama Numeracy Act, Every Student Succeeds Act, Workforce Innovation Opportunity Act, multi-tiered systems of support, AMSTI, character education

Create learning activities to meet instructional goals with guidance from current educational initiatives.

Compare and contrast assessment methods used to evaluate student learning. Examples: formative assessment, summative assessment, rubrics, portfolios, projects

Describe steps in instructional planning. Examples: accessing content knowledge, setting learning targets, writing plans, presenting lessons, evaluating instruction, revising instructional plans, budgeting for specialized materials

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Professionalism

Learning Environment

Health

Safety

Foundational Standards

Summarize safety practices observed in the preschool internship setting.

Design a preschool classroom space that meets the standards set by the Council for Professional Recognition, including space, furnishings, wall and floor materials, and safety equipment.

Summarize the steps of the CDA® credentialing process.

Compare and contrast trends in early childhood education practices through the 20th and 21st centuries.

Create and defend a personal educational philosophy that is supported by research.

Develop a lesson plan to teach safety concepts to preschoolers.

Generate a plan for maintaining a safe classroom and enforcing safety rules and standards.

Observe and document practices for maintaining a healthy classroom environment.

Design a five-day menu based on USDA guidelines for preschoolers’ nutritional needs.

Identify forms commonly used in the preschool setting to document illness, injuries, and specific health needs and describe the purpose of each.

Create a professional competency statement that reflects a personal commitment to maintaining a safe and healthy learning environment.

Identify the elements of the internship classroom that meet the standards for a high-quality learning environment as defined by the Council for Professional Recognition and outlined in CDA® training materials.

Select appropriate materials for a preschool setting.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Professionalism

Creative Play

Communication

Cognitive Development

Physical Development

Foundational Standards

Describe milestones of physical development in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers.

Discuss the connection between creative play and cognitive development and compare how child-led and teacher-led activities differ in their effects on learning and development.

Integrate opportunities for creative play into teaching and learning.

Design a lesson plan that incorporates child-led creative activities.

Collaborate to create a learning environment that fosters creativity.

Write a professional competency statement that demonstrates an understanding of children’s physical and intellectual development and the teacher’s role in promoting that development.

Design learning experiences that promote physical and cognitive development, using the guidelines provided by the CDA® portfolio Resource Collection II.

Classify activities that promote physical development by appropriate age level and explain how each activity affects gross and fine motor skills.

Develop a lesson plan that incorporates both gross and fine motor skill activities as part of the learning process.

Summarize the work of prominent developmental theorists.

Describe birth-to-age-five cognitive milestones in terms of major developmental theories.

Create a five-day lesson plan that incorporates developmental theory and goals for cognitive development.

Describe strategies for encouraging early literacy skills and language development in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers.

Document children’s oral language development with a variety of observational instruments.

Design a preschool literacy center that supports language and literacy development.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Professionalism

Positive Guidance

Social Development

Self-Concept and Identity

Foundational Standards

Determine and describe ways in which teachers can show appreciation for each child.

Create a professional competency statement that demonstrates the importance of social and emotional growth and guidance and a personal commitment to promoting that growth and providing positive guidance.

Develop an annotated bibliography of developmentally appropriate books that address and encourage children’s identity development.

Develop methods to encourage children’s exploration of identity.

Demonstrate developmentally appropriate positive guidance techniques to children.

Identify strategies that promote social and emotional growth and learning.

Create learning experiences that incorporate social and emotional learning.

Formulate strategies to address specific situations affecting a child’s social and emotional development.

Document challenging behaviors and effective classroom management strategies.

Assess challenging behaviors utilizing data from observational instruments.

Design a classroom management plan that effectively and positively addresses ongoing challenging behaviors.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Professionalism

Program Management

Families

Foundational Standards

Identify and describe strategies for establishing positive, responsive relationships with children’s families.

Collect and revise materials for the Child Development Associate® professional portfolio and prepare for the Professional Development SpecialistTM visit.

Develop and implement a multifaceted communication plan designed to meet the needs of diverse family structures.

Collect and analyze results from the CDA® Family Questionnaire.

Generate a toolkit for families that includes information on local and state social services, health, and educational resources.

Compare instruments utilized for the observation, evaluation, and documentation of the preschooler’s developmental level and educational progress.

Summarize regulatory requirements and program policies for the preschool setting, including mandated reporting requirements related to abuse and neglect.

Critique lesson plans and curricula designed for the preschool setting.

Communicate student progress to families, using a variety of strategies.

Explain conflict resolution strategies that may be used when working with students, parents/guardians, colleagues, and the community.

Compose a competency statement that indicates a personal commitment to professionalism and gives concrete strategies for maintaining that professionalism.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Taping, Wrapping, Bracing, and Bandaging

Therapeutic Physical Modalities

Therapeutic Exercises and Rehabilitation

Sports Medicine Nutrition

Assessment and Evaluation of Sports Injuries

Anatomy and Physiology

Safety in Sports Medicine

Legal and Ethical Considerations

Basics of Sports Medicine

Foundational Standards

Outline the historical foundations and development of the sports medicine profession.

Describe common injuries and disorders of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems related to participation in sports.

Contrast the goals and procedures of assessment, evaluation, and diagnosis of a sports injury.

Differentiate between manual muscle testing and range of motion testing.

Evaluate an athletic injury using a systematic approach, including primary and secondary injury surveys.

Identify and explain two documentation methods utilized by sports medicine professionals.

Describe the six classes of nutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water) and their primary functions.

Identify and describe common nutritional deficiencies and the supplements used to combat them, and explain how supplements impact athletic performance.

Assess body types and evaluate body composition using industry-approved assessment tools.

Create a balanced meal plan to promote health and wellness in a given scenario, utilizing current federal dietary guidelines.

Explain the role of rehabilitation in the sports medicine field.

Compare the purposes, membership, and activities of various professional organizations dedicated to sports medicine.

Outline the general components, objectives, and phases of a rehabilitation plan.

Contrast therapeutic exercise to physical conditioning exercise, including goals and procedures.

Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic exercise in rehabilitation and explain the importance of each type

Describe types of strength training exercises and indicate what they are designed to accomplish as part of a rehabilitation plan.

Explain the purpose and benefits of exercise dosage.

Describe physical effects of prolonged inactivity and injury immobilization.

Explain the use and effectiveness of common physical modalities, including mechanical, thermal, and electrical.

Determine whether injuries should be taped, wrapped, or braced.

Identify the materials and supplies utilized in taping, wrapping, and splinting for athletes and active individuals.

Describe the purpose, types, and application of non-elastic and elastic adhesive tape.

Research and share information on legal requirements dealing with liability, negligence, supervision, and assumption of risks and on ethical concepts involving beneficence, justice, and honesty.

Perform basic wrapping procedures for various parts of the body.

Match braces to injuries involving ankles, knees, shoulders, and wrists.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of taping and bracing.

Describe the steps of application for a variety of bandages.

Explain considerations for properly fitting protective sports equipment, including braces and padding.

Research and report on banned performance-enhancing substances.

Explain how atmospheric conditions can cause or contribute to environmental injury.

Describe safety equipment that sports medicine providers utilize for various sports activities.

Demonstrate effective methods of infection control in sports medicine settings.

Create and present an Emergency Action Plan (EAP) for a given scenario in sports medicine.

Demonstrate the appropriate use of emergency equipment for an ill or injured athlete, including automated external defibrillator (AED), bag mask, cervical collar, and backboard.

Identify basic body structures and explain the functions of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, and endocrine systems.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Project-Based Learning Experience

Special Considerations in Sports Medicine

Head, Facial, Spinal, Nerve, Thoracic and Abdominal Injuries

Upper and Lower Extremity Injuries

Bones and Soft Tissue

Injury Assessment

Kinesiology

Research and share information about recreational and performance-enhancing drugs and explain problems associated with using drugs to enhance athletic performance.

Pharmacology

Foundational Standards

Summarize the differences between over-the-counter and prescription medications.

Utilize the History-Observation-Palpation-Special Test (HOPS), History-Inspection-Palpation-Special Test (HIPS) evaluation tool to create a clear and effective subjective, objective, assessment, and plan (SOAP) note.

Demonstrate techniques used to assess injuries.

Describe the three basic types of bleeding and the recommended care for each type.

Differentiate among types of shock, indicating symptoms and treatment for each type.

Explain the difference between the axial and the appendicular skeleton and how each bone group facilitates body movement and function in athletes.

Describe the classifications and degrees of fractures.

Contrast the functions, locations, and cellular makeup of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.

Explain common causes of soft tissue injuries in athletes and indicate appropriate treatment methods.

Identify symptoms of nervous system injuries and describe appropriate treatment approaches depending on the severity of injuries.

Describe each phase of the healing process for injuries to bones and soft tissues, including changes on the cellular level.

Explain the classifications of common medications and indicate how they are commonly used in sports medicine.

Identify the bony anatomy, muscular structures, and vascular structure of the upper and lower extremities.

Simulate passive range of motion (PROM) and active range of motion (AROM) tests to the extremities, explaining procedures as they are performed.

Explain how to assess the strength of extremities using manual muscle tests (MMT).

Describe the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of common injuries to the upper and lower body.

Identify the anatomy of the head, face, spine, nerves, thorax, and abdomen.

Demonstrate assessment of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and injuries to head, face, thorax, and abdomen.

Describe common sports injuries to the head, face, spine, nerves, thorax, and abdomen.

Demonstrate a systematic process for evaluating head and facial injuries, including concussions.

Describe the roles sports medicine professionals play in the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of injuries to the head, face, spine, nerves, thorax, and abdomen.

Describe signs, symptoms, and treatment of bacterial, fungal, and viral skin infections.

Identify and explain safety guidelines for using medications commonly utilized in sports medicine.

Describe signs, symptoms, and treatment of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, including diabetic coma.

Describe common cardiac conditions and explain how they influence physical reactions in athletes.

Outline the appropriate actions to take when an athlete has a seizure.

Explain the importance of psychology in sports medicine.

Explain how environmental conditions may have a negative effect on athletic performance and outline ways to avoid injuries or physical problems related to weather.

Create and present a culminating project utilizing a sports medicine case study related to injury prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and/or management of an athlete.

Explain how knowledge of kinesiology and body systems is utilized in sports medicine.

Describe the articular skeletal system and explain the motion of joints during body movements, including measurable degrees of active and passive movement.

Explain the differences between open and closed kinetic chains and how they relate to the articular system.

Describe the cardio-pulmonary system including cardiac conduction, monitoring methods, and implications with athletics.

Identify and explain the components of injury assessment, including inspection, palpation, vital signs, and injury history.

Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.

Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.

Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.

Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.

Demonstrate effective infection control techniques as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission guidelines.

Use safety skills associated with television production studio operations.

Utilize an audio mixer during a television production.

Demonstrate studio operations skills in a regularly scheduled television program.

Compare career options for the studio operations industry.

Examples: director, lighting technician, operations manager, technical engineer, satellite or microwave live truck operator

Apply aspects of studio operations to television information-gathering techniques.

Examples: live truck, satellite feeds, tape, and digital video files

Differentiate among television studio operation styles.